野生翠雀传粉生物学特性研究  

Study on Pollination Biology of Wild Delphinium grandiflorum

作　　者：张华丽 赵剑颖 辛海波 张金凤[4] 

机构地区：[1]北京市园林科学研究院,北京100102 [2]绿化植物育种北京市重点实验室,北京100102 [3]泛华集团设计八所,北京100082 [4]北京林业大学,北京100083

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2014年第9期1789-1794,共6页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：北京市科委项目(Z09050601050901);北京市公园管理中心项目(ZX2014026)

摘　　要：对从北京郊区引种的野生翠雀（Delphiniun grandi florum L.）的开花习性进行了观察,对其花粉活力、柱头可授性,花粉/胚珠比（P/O）,杂交指数（OCI）进行了检测,并进行了人工授粉实验.结果表明：（1）翠雀的花序为总状花序,具3~1 5朵花,花梗长1.5~3.8 cm,单花期10 d,花序花期15~18 d.（2）翠雀花粉活力日变化呈先升高后降低的趋势;柱头在开花当天至开花后4d无可授性,在开花后的5d、6d有可授性.（3）翠雀的花粉胚珠比（P/O）为2 159.14,杂交指数OCI为5;人工授粉实验表明,翠雀在自然条件下能够结实,结实率为100％;存在自主自花授粉现象,部分自交亲和,结实受传粉者限制;不存在无融合生殖现象.（4）翠雀主要的访花昆虫有四条无垫蜂和短腹管蚜蝇.研究认为,翠雀的繁育系统为兼性异交或专性异交,部分自交亲和,需要传粉者.Wild Delphinium grandiflorum L.in Beijing was introduced and blossom character was observed.Pollen viability,stigma receptivity,pollen and ovule ratio （P/O） and OCI were examined,and artificial pollination test was developed.The results are as follows：（1）The inflorescence of D.grandiflorum had a raceme containing 3-15 flowers.The pedicel was 1.5-3.8 cm in length.The blossoming period of single flower and inflorescence were 10 d and 15-18 d,respectively.（2）The pollen viability increased at the early stage and decrease later in daily variation.The stigma had receptivity at 5-6 days after blooming and had no receptivity on the first 4 days.（3）Its P/O was 2 159.14,and OCI was 5.According to the artificial pollination test,D.grandiflorum could set seeds and the seed setting rate was 100％ under natural conditions.The phenomenon of self pollination autonomy and partly self-compatible could be observed;furthermore.The seed setting was restricted by pollinators without apomixes.（4）The main visiting insects of D.grandiflorum were Amegilla （s.str.） quadrifasciata （Villers） and Eristalis arbustorum （L.）.The research suggested that the breeding system of D.grandiflorum belonged to facultative xenogamy or obligate outcrossing,accompanied with partly self-compatiblity.The pollinator was necessary.

关 键 词：翠雀 传粉生物学 繁育系统 

分 类 号：Q944.43[生物学—植物学]