南非主要金矿集区研究现状及存在问题  

Review of Studies on the Gold Deposit- accumulated Area in South Africa

作　　者：王杰[1] 任军平[1] 何胜飞[1] 许康康[1] 刘晓阳[1] 左立波[1] 孙凯[1] 龚鹏辉[1] 贺福清[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津地质矿产研究所,天津300170

出　　处：《地质论评》2014年第5期997-1008,共12页Geological Review

基　　金：中国地质调查项目(编号1212011220910)的成果

摘　　要：南非是世界上金矿石资源量最为丰富的国家,其金矿床主要产于东北部地区,主要有三种类型:1赋存于兰德盆地砾岩型建造中的"兰德"砾岩型金矿床,2产在绿岩带中的绿岩带型金矿床,和3主要与白云岩有关的白云岩型金矿床,以前两种类型为主。"兰德"砾岩型金矿床通常品位高,开采规模最大,目前采矿的深度最大,是南非最重要的矿床类型,其矿床成因长期以来存有争议,主要有两种观点,分别是砂矿模式和热液模式,就目前资料来看笔者等认为其代表了两个不同的矿化阶段;绿岩带型金矿床则以巴伯顿地区为代表,矿床具有规模大、易开采等特征,因此在南非金矿床开采中占有重要位置,其矿床主要赋存于石英脉或剪切带中,矿床成因主要有三种,分别是火山成矿模式、转换滑脱构造模式和构造交叉模式。South Africa is one of the countries with the richest gold ore resources in the world.The gold deposits mainly occur in the northeast of the South Africa.Three types of gold ores have been recognized,which are：① Witwatersrand conglomerate type gold deposits; ② granite greenstone belt type gold deposits; and ③ dolomite type gold deposits,with the former two types being the major ones in the region.Witwatersrand conglomerate type gold deposits are high grade,maximum deposits yield,large scale and very depth and are the most important types in South Africa.The genesis of the deposits is controversial.Two different models occur which include placer mode and thermal fluid model.According to the current data the writers think they represent two different mineralization stages.Granite greenstone belt type gold deposits mainly occur in the Barberton area which are large scale,easy mining and other characteristics,therefore which occupies an important position in the South African.The deposits are mainly hosted in quartz veins or shear zones.Three different models occur which include volcanogenic mineralisation models,inverted decollements modes and structure intersection model.

关 键 词：“兰德”砾岩型金矿床 绿岩带型金矿床 白云岩型金矿床 矿床成因 兰德盆地 巴伯顿地区 南非 

分 类 号：P618.51[天文地球—矿床学]