温度、盐度和pH对鲻幼鱼耗氧率、排氨率以及窒息点的影响  

Influence of temperature, salinity, and pH on oxygen consumption rate, ammonia excretion rate, and suffocation point in juvenile Mugil cephalus

作　　者：李加儿[1] 曹守花[1,2] 区又君[1] 刘汝建[1,2] 张建生 吴水清[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所、农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广东广州 510300 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [3]广东省饶平石鲈科鱼类良种场,广东饶平515723

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2014年第5期954-962,共9页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(2007B020708005,2012A020602016);广东省海洋渔业科技推广专项项目(A201101D02,A201200E02)

摘　　要：采用封闭流水式实验方法,研究了不同温度（12、16、20、24、28、32℃）、盐度（5、10、15、20、25、30）和pH（7.2、7.7、8.2、8.7、9.2、9.7）对体质量（0.21±0.03）g的鲻（Mugil cephalus）幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率的影响.结果表明,温度（X）对鲻幼鱼耗氧率（Yo）和排氨率（YN）的影响显著,其两两间的相关关系可分别用一元二次方程Yo=-0.0256x2＋0.2191X-0.1054（P＜0.05）和YN=-0.0054X2＋0.044 1X-0.0082（P＜0.01）表示.随着温度的升高,鲻的耗氧率和排氨率呈现相同的变化趋势,均为先升高后降低,在24℃时,耗氧率和排氨率都达到最大值.经单因素方差分析得出盐度对鲻幼鱼耗氧率的影响极显著（P＜0.01）,当盐度在5～30时,随着盐度的升高,耗氧率先下降再升高,然后再下降;排氨率则先升高后降低.经方差检验,盐度对鲻幼鱼排氨率的影响差异极显著,两者之间的相关关系式为YN=-0.0013X2＋0.0027X＋0.047（P＜0.01）.pH对鲻幼鱼耗氧率的影响差异极显著,随着pH的升高,耗氧率呈先升高后下降的趋势,两者之间的关系可用一元二次方程Yo=-0.02583X2＋0.198X＋0.0775（P＜0.01）表示;pH对鲻排氨率的影响差异极显著,两者之间的相关关系式为YN=-0.0032X2＋0.0217X＋0.003（P＜0.01）.温度和pH对鲻幼鱼窒息点的影响极显著（P＜0.0）,盐度对鲻幼鱼窒息点的影响显著（P＜0.05）,但对鲻的窒息时间没有显著影响（P＞0.05）.We evaluated the effects of water temperature （12, 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32℃）, salinity （5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 ppt） and pH （7.2, 7.7, 8.2, 8.7, 9.2 and 9.7） on oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion in artificially propagated Mugil cephalus juveniles （0.21±0.03 g）. The seawater temperature, salinity, and pH were maintained at （19±1）℃, 30, and 7.7, respectively, during the acclimation period. Dissolved oxygen was measured by Winkler＇s iodometric method and ammonia was measured using the hypobromite oxidation method. Water temperature had a significant effect on both oxygen consumption rate Yo and ammonia excretion rate （YN） and the co-relationship was expressed by the quadratic equations Yo=-0.0256X2＋0.2191X-0.1054 （P〈0.05） and YN=-0.0054X2＋0.0441X--0.0O82（P〈0.01）, respe- ctively. The oxygen consumption rate and ammonia excretion rate of M. cephalus juveniles increased as water temperature increased and was highest at 24℃, after which the rates decreased. A one-factor analysis of variance revealed that salinity had a significant effect on the oxygen consumption rate （P〈0.01）. When the salinity was within the range 5-30, the oxygen consumption rate decreased, increased, then decreased again as salinity increased. Conversely, the ammonia excretion rate first increased, then decreased, and was expressed as Y=-0.0013X2＋ 0.0027X＋0.047 （P〈0.01）. A one-factor analysis of variance revealed that pH also had a significant effect on both oxygen consumption rate and ammonia excretion rate. The oxygen consumption rate and ammonia excretion rate first increased, then decreased as pH increased. The co-relationship was expressed by the quadratic equations Y=-0.02583X2＋0.198X＋0.0775 （P〈0.01） and Y=-0.02583X2＋0.198X＋0.0775 （P〈0.01）, respectively. Water temperature and pH had significant effects on the suffocation point （P〈0.01）. The salinity also had a significant effect on the suffocation point （P〈0.05）, but not on the time to suf

关 键 词：鲻 温度 盐度 耗氧率 排氨率 窒息点 

分 类 号：S965[农业科学—水产养殖] Q954.6[农业科学—水产科学]