气候变化对宁夏固原地区胡麻发育进程和产量的影响  

Effects of climate change on flax development and yield in Guyuan of Ningxia,Northwest China

作　　者：李淑珍 孙琳丽[2,3] 马玉平[3] 徐玉东 俄有浩[3] 

机构地区：[1]固原市气象局,宁夏固原756000 [2]通辽市气象局,内蒙古通辽028000 [3]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2014年第10期2892-2900,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40675071);中国气象科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(2014Y006);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201006027)资助

摘　　要：基于观测数据分析了宁夏固原地区平均温度和降水的年际变化,探讨了气候变化对当地胡麻发育进程和产量的影响状况.结果表明:1957—2012年,固原地区年均气温呈上升趋势,年降水量呈下降趋势,气候倾向率分别为0.3℃·(10 a)-1、-20 mm·(10 a)-1;胡麻生长季平均温度的上升趋势更明显,降水的下降趋势则与年趋势类似.气温升高和降水减少加快了胡麻的发育速度,导致其生育期天数呈显著减少趋势.胡麻播种至出苗期温度每上升1℃,出苗期提前0.7 d;出苗至二对针叶期,温度每上升1℃,发育天数缩短0.8 d,降水量每减少1 mm,发育天数缩短0.1 d;工艺成熟至成熟期温度每上升1℃,成熟期提前1.8 d,降水量每减少1 mm,成熟期提前0.1 d.胡麻营养生长阶段平均温度升高、降水减少使发育加速是胡麻产量逐年降低的主要原因之一;生殖生长阶段温度升高会抑制花芽分化及正常授粉,对蒴果数和结实率产生影响而导致产量降低.调整胡麻品种种植布局、扩大中晚熟或晚熟品种比例是当地减少气候变化影响的重要措施.Based on variations of the annual mean temperature and precipitation analyzed using ob- servation data in Guyuan of Ningxia, the effects of climate change on the local flax developmental process and yield were investigated. The results showed that the annual mean temperature had an increasing trend （0. 3 ℃ · （10 a）-1） and the annual precipitation had a decreasing trend （ -20 mm · （ 10 a） -1 ） from 1957 to 2012. While the increasing trend of mean temperature during growing season of flax was more obviously than that of the annual temperature, the decreasing trend of precipitation during growing season was similar to that of annual precipitation. With temperature increasing and precipitation decreasing, the flax development rate was accelerated, resulting in the reduced growing period. Seedling stage was advanced 0.7 d with 1 ℃ increase in temperature dur- ing the period from sowing to seedling emergence. The duration from seedling emergence to two pairs of needles was shortened by 0.8 d with 1 ℃ increase in temperature and 0.1 d with 1 mm de- crease in precipitation. Maturity stage was advanced 1.8 d with 1 ℃ increase in temperature and 0.1 d with 1 mm decrease in precipitation during the period from technical maturity to maturity. The flax development was accelerated because of temperature increasing and precipitation decreasing in the vegetative growth phase, which was one of the main causes of flax yield reduction year by year. Meanwhile, flower bud differentiation and pollination of flax were influenced by temperature increasing in the reproductive growth phase, which would affect the number of caosules and the seed setting rate per plant and lead to the decrease of flax yield. Therefore, adjusting plant structure and enlarging the planting area of late or middle-late variety were the important measures to reduce the effects of climate change on local flax production.

关 键 词：气候变化 胡麻发育进程 产量 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] S162.5[农业科学—农业气象学]