人类Y染色体的演化  

The evolution of human Y chromosome

作　　者：杨仙荣[1] 王美琴 李少华[3] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古医科大学附属医院眼科,呼和浩特010050 [2]内蒙古托克托县人民医院,呼和浩特010200 [3]内蒙古医科大学基础医学院,呼和浩特010110

出　　处：《遗传》2014年第9期849-856,共8页Hereditas（Beijing)

基　　金：秦惠莙与李政道中国大学生见习进修基金;国家基金委人才培养基金;国家拔尖人才培养计划资助

摘　　要：人类Y染色体由于其性别决定的特殊功能和独有的进化史一直以来都备受关注。Y染色体起源于常染色体,经历了严重的退化过程。由于其缺乏重组,蛋白编码基因少,重复序列多所以研究进展缓慢。近年来,随着比较基因组及测序技术的快速发展,对人类Y染色体最终命运的争论不断加剧,Y染色体的研究正逐步成为热点。文章综述了人类Y染色体的结构、遗传特点、起源及进化过程,并根据目前的研究进展对Y染色体的最终命运进行了讨论,提出了作者的一些看法,以期为从事遗传及性染色体进化的研究者提供参考。The human Y chromosome is always intriguing for researchers, because of its role in gender determination and its unusual evolutionary history. The Y chromosome evolves from an autosome, and its evolution has been characterized by massive gene decay. The lack of recombination and protein-coding genes and high content of repetitive sequences have hin- dered the progress in our understanding of the Y chromosome biology. Recently, with the advances in comparative genomics and sequencing technology, the research on Y chromosome has become a hotspot, with an intensified debate about Y-chromosome final destination resulting from degeneration. This review focuses on the structure, inheritance characteristics, gene content, and the origin and evolution of Y chromosome. We also discuss the long-term destiny of Y chromosome.

关 键 词：Y染色体退化 重组抑制 进化层 转录组 

分 类 号：Q987[生物学—遗传学]