中国对外贸易中的隐含生态服务逆差及其应对策略  

Deficit of Ecosystem Services in China's Foreign Trade and Its Countermeasures

作　　者：徐晓勇[1] 雷冬梅[2] 

机构地区：[1]云南大学发展研究院资源与环境经济研究中心,云南昆明650091 [2]云南财经大学城市与环境学院,云南昆明650221

出　　处：《中国科技论坛》2014年第11期57-61,共5页Forum on Science and Technology in China

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"环境承载力的空间转移及其对中国可持续发展的影响研究"(11CJY041);教育部社科基金西部与边疆项目"中国对外贸易中的生态要素流动及其对节能减排的影响研究"(10XJCZH012);云南省教育厅项目"经济一体化过程中生态服务的溢出现象及其对我国的影响研究"(2011Z072);云南大学"中青年骨干教师培养计划"项目

摘　　要：由于长期偏向出口的贸易政策导致的加工贸易比重过高以及出口中服务贸易比重过低,高能耗、高污染产品比重过高,贸易价值顺差过大等原因,导致中国对外贸易中的隐含生态服务交换长期处于逆差状态,对外贸易已经成为中国生态资本流失和环境恶化的重要原因。隐含生态服务贸易逆差问题的解决涉及进出口贸易平衡、贸易产品结构调整、投资引导政策调整等一系列宏观政策。其中,调整出口退税政策,通过完善生态环境税费制度、完善绿色核算和考核制度推进生态环境成本内部化,构建战略性自然资源实物储备等措施急需进一步完善和推广。The long-term export-oriented policies bias leads to high proportion of processing trade, low proportion of services trade in exports, high proportion of high energy consumption and high pollution products, too large trade surplus value and others. China＇s foreign trade in the implied ecological service exchange is in deficit condition for a long time, and foreign trade has become an important reason for ecological capital loss and environment deterioration. Implied ecological services trade deficit problem solving is related to the import and export trade balance, trade adjustment of product structure, investment policy guidance and a series of cy adjustments. Among them, the countermeasures such as the adjustment of export tax rebate policy, promotion of e poliental cost internalization by improving tax system, green accounting and evaluation system, urgently need to be further improved and promoted.

关 键 词：对外贸易 隐含生态服务 环境逆差 对策 

分 类 号：F752.0[经济管理—国际贸易]