民事推定法律效果之再思考——以当事人诉讼权利的变动为视角  

A Rethinking of the Legal Effect of Civil Presumption:From the Perspective of the Change of Litigant's Procedural Rights

作　　者：张海燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院

出　　处：《法学家》2014年第5期50-63,177,共14页The Jurist

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"实体法和程序法双重视角下的民事推定制度研究"(批准号:12BFX071)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：将民事推定的法律效果与证明责任直接勾连的研究范式具有逻辑上的不周延性。从当事人诉讼权利变动的角度来看,推定在改变证明对象、减缓推定受益方证明负担的同时,赋予了推定不利方推翻推定的程序反驳权。这样可以重新审视民事推定的法律效果:证明责任转移是推定不利方行使反驳权时的一种外在程序表现,并非推定的必然法律效果;举证责任倒置则是与推定并列的一种减缓当事人证明负担的方式,在逻辑结构和证明负担分配上与推定存在本质区别。As to the legal effect of civil presumption,traditional study inclines to connect it directly with litigant's burden of proof.Such research paradigm is logically incomplete.Hence,it is necessary to switch from the traditional perspective to the change of litigant's procedural rights,namely in the process of mitigating the burden of proof of the presumption favored litigant by changing the object of proof,the opposite litigant is endowed with the procedural right to refute the presumed facts.Therefore,misunderstandings in this research should be clarified:the shift of the burden of proof is not the inevitable legal effect of the presumption,otherwise it is just a kind of procedural phenomenon appears when the opposite litigant exercises the right of refuting;inverting the burden of proof is parallel with the presumption as the manner of mitigating Htigant's burden of proof,and they have essential differences in logical structure and allocation of the htigant's burden of proof.

关 键 词：民事推定 法律效果 证明责任 诉讼权利变动 程序反驳权 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]