冷战与美国人才吸引机制的形成(1945—1960)  

The Cold War and the Formation of the US Mechanism for Talent Attraction(1945-1960)

作　　者：梁茂信[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学世界文明史研究中心,教授长春130024

出　　处：《历史研究》2014年第5期128-142,192,共15页Historical Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"美国人才吸引战略的历史考察研究"(项目号10BSS011)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：冷战直接催生了美国人才吸引机制的形成,不仅使二战时期美国的"人才赤字"问题趋于常态化,而且在《1952年移民法》中对吸引人才的双轨制产生双重影响。在难民问题上,美国表面上打着"人道主义"旗号,但在实际操作上却优先安置各类专业技术人才。在对外文化交流方面,美国在加紧宣传其政治价值观的同时,积极吸引外国留学生和访问学者赴美深造,然后又适时创造条件,允许美国需要的人才永久定居。通过这些措施,美国确立了一整套人才吸引机制,奠定了20世纪后期人才吸引政策的基础。The Cold War became the provenance of the US mechanism for talent attraction.Not only did it normalize the'talent deficit'of the US during World War II,but also had a twofold effect on the two-track policy to attract talents in the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952.With regard to refugees,different kinds of professionals were actually given priority by the US government in the name of humanitarianism. With regard to cultural communications with foreign countries,the US government cranked up the promotion of its political values while attracting overseas students and visiting scholars;it then created timely conditions for needed talents to stay permanently.By all these actions,the US has set up a whole talent mechanism which laid the foundation for the country's talent policy in the late 20 th century.

关 键 词：冷战 美国 外来人才 难民 留学生移民 

分 类 号：K712.54[历史地理—历史学]