冷战与自由——艾森豪威尔政府对华旅行限制与新闻采访自由的碰撞  

Cold War vs. Freedom: the Clash between US Travel Ban on China and the Freedom of the Press,1956～1957

作　　者：陈长伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学国际关系学院

出　　处：《美国研究》2014年第5期60-78,7,共19页The Chinese Journal of American Studies

摘　　要：从20世纪50年代初开始,中美两国处于尖锐的对抗状态,两国之间基本停止了各方面交流和人员往来。为打破僵局,1956年8月中国政府邀请美国主要新闻机构派记者来华访问,受邀机构积极回应。为获得访华的批准,美国新闻界代表多次向艾森豪威尔政府提出交涉与申诉;个别媒体人士甚至通过未经许可公开赴华采访的方式对国务院发起挑战。然而,由于美国当局设置的种种障碍,美国新闻人士的中国之行最终未能实现。该事件一方面体现了冷战时期美国政府外交政策同公民旅行自由、记者采访自由的碰撞,另一方面也对中美关系打开之前美国媒体关于中国问题的报道产生了深刻影响。In August of 1956,the Chinese government invited some American news agencies to send representatives to visit China. Representatives from these agencies quickly responded by submitting travel applications to the Eisenhower Administration. For the sake of securing the Administration's approval for a visit to China,the American news community made many efforts to negotiate an exception of the government's travel ban on China.Some newsmen even visited China without the government's permission. However,due to the hurdles set up by the American government,the proposed visit of American journalists to China failed to materialize. In the process,the American citizens' rights to travel and the freedom of the press clashed with the government's Cold War policy towards China. The episode led up to the fact that American journalists were not able to report China by visiting China before China-U. S. rapprochement,the impact of which is more far-reaching than previously realized.

关 键 词：美国外交 冷战 新闻自由 艾森豪威尔政府 杜勒斯 

分 类 号：D822.371.2[政治法律—政治学]