虾夷扇贝海上转运系统改进设计与试验  

Improved design and experiment of shipping transfer system for Patinopecten yessoensis

作　　者：李明智[1,2] 赵学伟 邓长辉[2] 于功志[1] 惠盼盼 马国振[1] 吴嵩[1] 胡畔[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学航海与船舶工程学院,大连116023 [2]大连海洋大学辽宁省渔业装备工程技术研究中心,大连116023 [3]獐子岛集团股份有限公司,大连116001

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2014年第16期53-60,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑项目(2013BAD23B01);辽宁省高等学校优秀人才支持计划项目(LR2012024)

摘　　要：针对目前虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)海上转运系统作业装备落后及作业方式不合理,致使作业效率低、用工人数多、以及扇贝缩边死亡与碎贝现象严重等问题,通过对獐子岛虾夷扇贝海上转运系统的调研,提出了一种转运方案,并对转运装备进行优化设计。通过海上生产对比试验,得出以下结论:为虾夷扇贝采捕船配备甲板拣贝作业系统与可折叠式装贝笼箱,优化了采捕船拣贝、装箱、装卸舱等作业模式,使劳动强度大幅降低,且用工人数减少2人/艘,作业时间缩短了约0.6 h;运输船采用可折叠式装贝笼箱代替原转运笼箱,使笼箱装卸流程更加合理高效,且作业时间缩短了约0.52 h;采用改造后虾夷扇贝转运系统运输,扇贝缩边死亡率与碎贝率显著降低,其中扇贝平均缩边死亡率约为1.92%,且5个月试验扇贝缩边死亡率无显著差异(P>0.05),与原转运系统相比显著降低(P<0.05),降低了约1.43%;改造后平均碎贝率约为0.84%,且5个月试验碎贝率无显著差异(P>0.05),较原转运系统显著降低(P<0.05),降低了约1.99%;改造后的虾夷扇贝海上转运系统经济效果显著,每年可节省费用约2 853.6万元。由此说明,改造后的虾夷扇贝海上转运系统具有高效、高收益等特点,推广应用前景广阔。By analyzing and investigating the system of shipping transfer for Patinopecten yessoensis in Dalian Zhangzi Island, a new type of high efficiency and reasonable scallop shipping transfer system were designed and improved. In order to prove that its structure is reasonable, a compared test was executed in Da Lian Zhangzi Island. The research showed that scallop （Patinopecten yessoensis） with an average shell length of （120＆#177;10） mm and average mass of （110＆#177;10） g were collected from the Da Lian Zhangzi Island sea area. The scallop capture ship length is 23 m, has one cabin and cabin size is 2 400 mm＆#215;1 900 mm＆#215;2 300 mm, full and complete scallops are 3t, diesel power is 112 kW. The test scallop transport ship is Liao Chang Yu Yun 18023, which has 4 cabins, one cabin size is 7 700 mm＆#215;3 400 mm＆#215; 2 300 mm, hatch size is 3 800 mm＆#215;2 000 mm＆#215;800 mm, full and complete with scallops is 57 t. Original cage size is 510 mm＆#215;360 mm＆#215;265 mm, mesh size is 30 mm＆#215;30 mm, and the material is rigid plastic. Improved cage （folding cage） is 1 150 mm＆#215;900 mm＆#215;900 mm, mesh size is 40 mm＆#215;40 mm, the folded size is 1 150 mm＆#215;900 mm＆#215;150 mm, and the material is Zn hot dipped steel. 〈br〉 Tests were based on actual production situation, lasted 5 months （from August to December, 2013） and working 4 times per month. 18023 scallop transport ship’s 4 cabins were marked as 1, 2, 3, 4. Original scallop cages were stored in 1 and 2 fresh water cabins, which can be stored 1 400 original cages and one cage can store 16 kg of scallops. Improved scallop cages were stored in 3 and 4 fresh water cabins, which can store 64 improved cages and one cage can store 350 kg scallops. In order to improve the work efficiency, 1 and 2 cabins were equipped with 8 scallop capture ships, which adopt an original work mode. 3 and 4 cabins were equipped with 8 scallops capture ships, which were equipped with a work platform system and a folding cag

关 键 词：渔业 机械化 改造 海上转运系统 虾夷扇贝 甲板拣贝系统 可折叠式装贝笼箱 

分 类 号：S944.43[农业科学—水产养殖] S981.3[农业科学—水产科学]