新疆浅层暗管排水降低土壤盐分提高棉花产量  

Shallow subsurface pipe drainage in Xinjiang lowers soil salinity and improves cotton seed yield

作　　者：刘玉国[1,2] 杨海昌[1] 王开勇[1] 逯涛[1] 张凤华[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学/新疆兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,石河子832003 [2]新疆石河子市147团农业技术中心,石河子832045

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2014年第16期84-90,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家国际科技合作项目(2011DFA93140);国家自然科学基金(31160115);国家科技支撑项目(2007BAC17B04);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20126518110002)

摘　　要：土壤盐渍化问题严重制约着干旱区农业可持续发展，为达到土壤脱盐的效果，增加作物产量，该文针对膜下滴灌棉田，采用完全随机试验方案，在装有暗管的中度和轻度盐渍化土壤上种植棉花，分析暗管降盐技术对轻度和中度盐渍化农田土壤盐分变化规律及棉花产量的影响。结果表明：轻度和中度盐渍化农田土壤盐分剖面特征均由表聚型向脱盐型变化，中度盐渍化土壤0～20 cm土层盐分下降最快，其他土层盐分含量均呈现显著下降趋势；轻度和中度土壤最高脱盐率分别为50.96%和90.89%，中度盐渍化土壤盐分可降低至轻度水平；暗管排水的电导率变化范围为7.53～11.16 dS/m，pH值变化范围7.08～8.20；轻度和中度盐渍化棉田增产幅度分别为25.3%和55%。研究表明与滴灌配套的浅层暗管排水降盐技术可有效治理盐碱土壤，提高作物产量，该研究可为盐渍化土地的可持续利用提供依据。Soil salinization seriously restricts the sustainable development of agriculture in the arid area of China. For the purpose of lowering underground water level and soil salinity, increasing farmland crop yield as well as improving agricultural ecological environment, this research investigated the effect of subsurface pipe drainage on soil salinity and cotton yield in soils with mild and moderate salinization in cotton field covered with plastic mulching film under drip irrigation. A complete random plot design was used in the year of 2010. The soils were irrigated by water from well and the irrigation water had the salinity of 0.65 g/L, lower than that of fresh water. The cotton was planted in mild and moderate salinization soils with subsurface pipe drainage as the treatment and also in similar soils without drainage as the control. Plastic mulching film covered 6 rows of cotton and 2 drip irrigation tubes. The cotton was planted in 2010 and its seed yield was determined at the harvest stage. The electric conductivity （EC） and pH value of subsurface drainage were measured during the growth period of the cotton. The results showed that the cotton seed yield, EC and pH value of subsurface drainage could be affected by different degree of soil salinization. The subsurface drainage significantly （P〈0.05） reduced the soil salinity. During the period of cotton growth, the salinity profile of soils with mild and moderate salinization was characterized by changes in the salt accumulation from its surface to the lower depth of soils. The desalinization ratio was 90.89%in the 0-20 cm, 59.87%in the 20-40 cm, 38.75%in the 40-60 cm, and 32.11%in the 60-80 cm for the moderate salinization soils, and 50.96%in the 0-20 cm, 42.69%in the 20-40 cm, and 18.48%in the 40-60 cm for the mild salinization soils. It was apparent that the desalinization ratio in the 0-20 cm layer was highest than the other layers. The salinity of the moderate salinization soils decreased significantly （P〈0.05） to mild saline level via sal

关 键 词：灌溉 排水 土壤含水率 浅层暗管排水 盐渍化农田 土壤盐分 作物产量 

分 类 号：S156.46[农业科学—土壤学]