医院感染病例监测及危险因素分析  

Monitoring of cases of nosocomial infections and analysis of risk factors

作　　者：李彦[1] 李岩[1] 张建勇[1] 陈同利 时利民[1] 

机构地区：[1]解放军第88医院感染控制科,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2014年第20期5052-5054,共3页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

基　　金：济南军区后勤科技计划基金资助项目(JN11L008)

摘　　要：目的探讨医院感染发生的危险因素,总结并采取相应的控制措施,有效降低医院感染率。方法对2013年1-12月的1 122例医院感染病例进行监测分析,应用logistic回归分析评估各危险因素与医院感染关系。结果 2013年1-12月全院出院患者29 150例,发生医院感染1 122例,医院感染率为3.85%;发生医院感染1 326例次,例次感染率4.55%;医院感染率前3位的科室是军人病房、神经外科、肿瘤科,分别为19.06%、11.04%、7.69%;感染部位以下呼吸道为主,占35.75%,其次为上呼吸道和泌尿系统,分别占19.61%和12.52%;医院感染相关危险因素分析显示,性别、年龄、住院天数、抗菌药物使用天数、中心静脉插管天数、泌尿道插管天数及气管切开或插管与医院感染的发生密切相关(P<0.001)。结论监测分析医院感染的发生规律,保护易感人群,缩短住院日,合理使用抗菌药物,做好器械相关感染的监测,可有效控制医院感染的发生。OBJECTIVE To explore the risk factors for nosocomial infections and put forward corresponding control measures so as to effectively reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections .METHODS From Jan 2013 to Dec 2013, totally 1 122 cases of nosocomial infections were monitored, and the logistic regression analysis was performed for the risk factors and the correlation with nosocomial infections .RESULTS Of 29 150 patients who were discharged from Jan 2013 to Dec 2013, the nosocomial infections occurred in 1 122 （1 326 case-times） cases with the infection rate of 3 .85% and the case-time infection rate of 4 .55% .The incidence of nosocomial infections was 19 .06% in the soldiers＆#39;ward, 11 .04% in the neurosurgery department, 7 .69% in the oncology department .Of the patients with nosocomial infections, the patients with lower respiratory tract infections accounted for 35 .75%, the patients with upper respiratory tract infections 19 .61%, the patients with urinary tract infections 12 .52% .The analysis of the related risk factors for nosocomial infections indicated that the incidence of nosocomial infections was closely related to the gender, age, length of hospital stay, medication duration, central venous catheter indwelling time, urinary catheter indwelling time, and tracheotomy or endotracheal intubation （P〈0 .001） .CONCLUSION It is an effective way to monitor and analyze the rules of occurrence of nosocomial infections, protect vulnerable populations, shorten the length of hospital stay, reasonably use antibiotics, and monitor the device-associated infections so as to control the nosocomial infections .

关 键 词：医院感染 病例监测 危险因素 控制措施 

分 类 号：R181.32[医药卫生—流行病学]