标准预防措施与传染病隔离常规的特点比较  

Comparison of characteristics between standard precautions and routine isolation of infectious disease

作　　者：朱元元[1] 冯卫忠[1] 李健[1] 刘芳[1] 刘瑜[1] 杨双旺[1] 姜旻岚[1] 

机构地区：[1]解放军第454医院,江苏南京210002

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2014年第20期5160-5162,共3页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

基　　金：南京军区医学科技创新重点基金项目(12Z17)

摘　　要：目的比较传染病隔离常规和标准预防措施之间的区别,提高医务人员执行标准预防措施的自觉性。方法通过中、外文网络、教科书、专著、法规等途径搜集医院隔离预防措施的相关资料,在对资料进行分析、归纳、总结的基础上,比较传染病隔离常规和标准预防措施之间的区别。结果传染病隔离常规属于传染病学研究范畴,是依赖诊断的隔离措施,有明确的传染源,防护的核心是隔离传染,预防的第1层次为基础护理,第2层次为传染病隔离,传染源是现症患者,隔离传染源为切断传染链的主要环节;标准预防措施超出了医院感染学的研究范畴,是不依赖诊断的预防措施,无明确的感染源,防护的核心是预防感染,预防的第1层次为标准预防,第2层次为基于传播途径的预防,感染源是所有患者,阻断感染途径为切断感染链的主要环节,预防医疗保健相关性感染,实现了患者和医务人员的双向防护。结论标准预防措施和传染病隔离常规是两种完全不同的隔离预防系统,其在生物环境、防护理念、适用范围、实施方法和防护效果等方面均不相同;了解两种隔离预防措施之间的差异,对于正确的理解和执行标准预防措施具有重要意义。OBJECTIVE To improve the consciousness of carrying out the standard precautions in the medical staff , the difference between the standard precautions and the routine isolation of infectious disease should be compared . METHODS The data about hospital isolation and prevention measures were collected by network , textbooks , monographs ,laws and regulations .The difference between the standard precautions and the routine isolation of infectious disease was compared after the data were analyzed ,induced and summed up .RESULTS The routine isolation of infectious disease belonged to the research category of lemology . It was the isolation measure dependent on diagnose and had clear infectious source .The core of protection was the isolation of infection .The first level of prevention was basic nursing ,and the second level was the isolation of infectious disease . The infectious source was the existing patients .The isolation of infectious source was the main link of cutting off the infectious chain ,w hich could be used in hospital to prevent hospital infection induced by social infectious disease . That could only defend the medical staff against occupational infection .The standard precautions were beyond the research category of lemology .It did not depend on diagnose and had no clear infectious source .The core of protection was the prevention of infection .The first level of precaution was standard precautions ,and the second level was transmission-based precaution . The infectious sources were all the patients . The obstruction of the spread way was the main link of cutting off the infectious chain ,which could be used in all medical establishment to prevent all the infections related to health care service ,and thus realized the two-way protection for the medical staff and patients .CONCLUSION The standard precautions and the routine isolation of infectious disease are two absolutely different precaution isolation systems . The differences between them are biological environment ,protection concept ,scope of

关 键 词：传染病 隔离常规 标准预防 传播途径的预防 

分 类 号：R197.323[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]