机械化播栽对杂交中稻干物质生产特性的影响  

Effects of Mechanical Sowing and Transplanting on Characteristics of Dry Matter Production in Medium Hybrid Rice

作　　者：刘利[1,2] 雷小龙[1] 田青兰 张强[1] 黄光忠[3] 任万军[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川温江611130 [2]南充市种子管理站,四川南充637000 [3]郫县农村发展局,四川郫县611700

出　　处：《杂交水稻》2014年第5期55-64,共10页Hybrid Rice

基　　金：农业部公益性行业科研专项(201303129);国家粮食丰产科技工程项目(2011BAD16B05);四川农业大学优秀硕士论文培育基金

摘　　要：为探明机械化播栽方式对杂交中稻干物质生产的影响,2012—2013年采用两因素裂区试验设计,研究了播栽方式及其与穴苗数和播期互作对杂交中稻F优498干物质积累与分配、干物质输出与转化的影响。结果表明:播栽方式及其与穴苗数和播期的互作对杂交中稻干物质积累、分配和转运具有明显影响。机直播和机插处理的群体总干物质积累量低于手插处理,但机直播在拔节—抽穗阶段的干物质积累量和积累速率显著高于机插和常规手插,同时保持较高的茎鞘输出量、茎鞘输出率和茎鞘转化率,而机插在抽穗—成熟阶段具有较高的干物质积累量和积累速率。低苗和早播处理有利于提高抽穗后物质同化量、抽穗后干物质所占比例以及抽穗后干物质贡献率。适当早播能够有效提高杂交中稻机直播和机插的收获指标。To clarify the effects of mechanical sowing and transplanting on dry matter production of medium hybrid rice,a two-factor split plot design was used to study the effects of different sowing and transplanting methods and their interaction with the seedling number per hill or seeding time on dry matter accumulation,distribution and transformation of F You 498,a medium hybrid rice variety,under field conditions in 2012 and 2013. The results showed that there was a marked effect of the sowing and transplanting methods and their interaction with the seedling number per hill or seeding time on dry matter accumulation,distribution and transformation. The total population dry matter accumulation of the treatments with mechanical direct seeding（MDS） and mechanical transplanting（MT） was lower than that of the treatment with traditional manual transplanting（TMT）. However,MDS had higher dry matter accumulation and accumulating rate in the jointing- heading period,and maintained higher stemsheath exportation,export rate and transformation than MT and TMT; MT had higher dry matter accumulation and accumulating rate in the heading- maturity period than MDS and TMT. Moreover,the treatments with low seedling number per hill or early seeding enhanced the assimilation of dry matter after heading,the ratio of dry matter accumulation after heading to biomass yield and the contribution rate of dry matter accumulation after heading,and a reasonable early seeding was favorable to increase the harvest index of medium hybrid rice under mechanical sowing and transplanting conditions.

关 键 词：杂交中稻 机械精量穴直播 机插 干物质生产特性 

分 类 号：S511.048[农业科学—作物学] S318