红树林湿地相手蟹科动物摄食生态研究进展  

Feeding ecology of sesarmid crabs in mangroves

作　　者：陈顺洋[1] 陈光程[1,2] 陈彬[1] 叶勇[2] 马志远[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,厦门361005 [2]宾海湿地生态系统教育部重点实验室,厦门大学环境与生态学院,厦门361102

出　　处：《生态学报》2014年第19期5349-5359,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41206108,41076049);福建省自然科学基金项目(2011J05111);海洋公益性行业科研专项项目(201205008)

摘　　要：相手蟹科物种是红树林湿地的主要底栖动物类群,在生态系统中起着重要的作用。我国大陆地区目前已记录的相手蟹科物种数量为12种,低于其它红树林地区(国内常用的采样方法会造成螃蟹物种数量和密度的低估),其中褶痕相手蟹(Sesarma plicata)、无齿相手蟹(S.deaani)和双齿相手蟹(S.bidens)等是常见种。红树植物叶片是相手蟹科动物的主要食物来源,相手蟹科动物通过地表摄食和洞穴贮存的形为消耗了大量的红树植物凋落叶,使这些凋落叶的有机质和营养元素得以保留在生态系统内,在凋落叶的周转和物质归还方面起到重要的作用。它们同时也摄食红树植物的繁殖体并且对不同物种的繁殖体具有摄食偏好,这可能对一些红树物种的植被更新能力和红树植被群落结构产生影响。相手蟹科动物对不同物种和不同状态的红树叶片也存在摄食偏好,通常对腐烂的叶片摄食偏好较强;螃蟹的摄食偏好与叶片的营养成份、粗纤维和单宁含量以及C/N比等性质有关;但在恶劣的野外环境下,螃蟹则会表现出随机性摄食。目前关于相手蟹科动物生态学作用的认识仍不充分,例如它们的种群大小和对凋落物的转化作用等,有待于进一步研究。Sesarmid crabs, common macro invertebrates in mangrove ecosystems, influence the structure and function of mangrove habitats through their burrowing activities and processing of leaf litter. A total of 12 sesarmid species have been recorded in China's Mainland, which may be an underestimate since more sesarmid species have been reported in Hong Kong and other tropical mangrove regions. （The reason for this underestimation could be due to the method commonly used to locate the crabs within China's Mainland. The most common method used is to place plot frame on the soil surface and simply dig to about 20--30 em, and sift through the soil to locate crabs which could allow sesarmid crabs to escape deeper into the soil during the digging. ） The most common sesarmid species in China are Sesarma plicata, S. deaani and S. bidens, while Neosarmatium meinerti is widely recorded in tropical areas of Australia and Kenya. Mangrove plant tissues, mainly leaves, are the main food source of sesarmid crabs, but crabs also feed on sediment detritus and faunal tissue to supplement the nutrient limited mangrove leaves. Some dietary specializations among different mangrove crabs have been recognized. Some crabs feed on only live leaves obtained by climbing into trees, while some species feed only on dead leaves on the mangrove floor. Crabs also have frequently been observed burying fallen mangrove leaves, to enhance leaf nutrition quality, prevent leaf litter from being removed by tidal flushing and avoid competition and predation when food or time available for collecting food is limited, and predator abundance is high. The feeding preference of sesarmid crabs for mangrove leaves with different conditions or from different mangrove species also has been reported from the laboratory and the field research. For example, sesarmid crabs in China prefer leaves of Kandelia candel over those of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Aegiceras corniculatum. Leaf characteristics such as C/N ratio, tannin, water and crude fiber contents determine the

关 键 词：红树林 相手蟹科 螃蟹 摄食生态 凋落叶 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]