孵化温度对黄喉拟水龟胚胎发育和幼体特征的影响  

Effects of incubation temperature on embryonic development and hatchling traits in the Asian yellow pond turtle,Mauremys mutica

作　　者：吴美仙[1,2] 赵波[2] 张文[2] 陆洪良[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋学院萧山科技学院,杭州311258 [2]杭州师范大学生命与环境科学学院,杭州310036

出　　处：《生态学报》2014年第19期5398-5404,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金项目(Y3110276);杭州市科技发展计划项目(20110332H04)

摘　　要：用3个恒定温度(24、26和28℃)孵化黄喉拟水龟南方种群卵,检测孵化温度对孵化期、孵化成功率和孵出幼体特征的影响。孵化温度显著影响孵化期和孵化成功率、以及幼体的性别、大小和早期生长。黄喉拟水龟幼体的性别取决于孵化温度(属TSDⅠa型),26℃和28℃孵出幼体偏雄性,30℃孵出幼体都是雌性。随着孵化温度的升高,孵化期呈非线性缩短,而孵化成功率略微增加。较高温度下孵出的幼体较大且具有较好的功能表现,但生长较慢。低温孵出幼体较小,但胚后生长速率较快。低温孵出幼体较小可能与胚胎发育期长、总代谢消耗大有关;而生长速率快则可能是因为低温产生的雄性幼体生长快于高温产生的雌性幼体。与已报道的黄喉拟水龟北方种群卵孵化结果相比较,26℃和28℃条件下南方种群卵的孵化期和产生1∶1性比的关键温度较大。这种地理上的变异可能反映不同种群对当地热环境适应性上的差异。We incubated 84 eggs of the Asian yellow pond turtle （Mauremys mutica） from a hatchery in Guangzhou （the southern population） at three constant temperatures （26, 28 and 30 ℃ ） to assess the effects of temperature on incubation period, hatching success and hatchling traits （sexual phenotype, body size, righting performance and post-hatching growth）. Because physiological and behavioral performances of reptiles are sensitive to temperature, we conducted to measure righting performance and post-hatching growth at the body temperature of 28 ℃. The righting response was assessed for each turtle in a temperature-controlled room on the second day of post-hatching. The turtles were placed upside down in an open area and their performance trials were recorded using a digital camera. Righting time was defined as the time required for a turtle to right itself after it began to move. After the righting trials, all turtles were reared in constant- temperature aquaria for about three months to evaluate the early growth and identify the sex by between-sex differences in morphological traits. Within the range of 26--30℃ , hatching success increased with increasing incubation temperatures but, statistically, it did not differ among the three temperature treatments. Incubation period （the number of days from oviposition to pipping ） was independent of initial egg mass within each temperature treatment, and decreased with increasing incubation temperature. The sex ratio of hatehlings varied among the three temperature treatments, with the treatments of 26℃ and 28℃ both＊leading to a male-biased sexual ratio, and the treatment of 30 ℃ to a female-biased sexual ratio. Hatchling mass and size （carapace length, width and height） were dependent on initial egg mass. Therefore, one-way analysis of covariance （ANCOVA） with egg mass as the covariate was used to examine the effects of incubation temperature on these traits. Temperature affected carapace length, width and body mass, but not carapace he

关 键 词：黄喉拟水龟 孵化温度 幼体表型 胚胎发育 性别决定 

分 类 号：S966.5[农业科学—水产养殖]