塔里木河上游阿拉尔段水质的时空特征  

Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of Water Quality in the Upper Reaches of the Tarim River in Alar

作　　者：陈生熬[1] 程勇[1] 范镇明[2] 牛玉娟[1,3] 谢从新[1,3] 雷红[1] 

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学/兵团塔里木畜牧科技重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]新疆生产建设兵团水产技术推广站,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [3]华中农业大学水产学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2014年第5期15-21,共7页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31360635);国家科技基础性工作专项(2012FY112700-8);新疆生产建设兵团基本科技计划项目(2013BA005);新疆生产建设兵团农一师科技局项目(2012YY01)

摘　　要：鉴于塔里木河干流的水量日趋减少、水质盐碱化严重、渔业资源锐减的现状,在塔里木河干流阿拉尔段设置9团(9T,上游)、12团(12T,中游)、14团(14T,下游)3个采样点,2012年4月至2013年3月每月采样,通过水质特征分析与评价体系,对塔里木河阿拉尔段水质进行时空综合监测分析,探究此河段的水质状况。结果表明,塔里木河干流阿拉尔段水质随时空的不同有明显差异。温度随气候变化先升高、后降低,9月出现峰值;矿化度、盐度、导电性、溶解氧、溶氧饱和度、pH、氧化还原电位等均随每年4-5月和7-9月的2次补给水出现变化,矿化度最高与最低值出现在2月(5.56 g/L)和6月(1.24 g/L),盐度最高与最低值出现在7月的14T样点(4.58)和5月的9T样点(1.21)。不同的温度和流量与水质指标密切相关,从9T样点到14T样点,各项指标变化明显。塔里木河上游阿拉尔段具有高溶氧、高盐度、高矿化度、高pH、高电导率、低温、低氧化还原电位的水体特征,农田灌溉用水盐化程度可能加剧,亟待水生态修复与治理。In recent years,the decrease in water flow and salinization in the main stem of the Tarim River have caused severe degradation of the river＇s fishery resources. In this study,water quality in the Tarim River was evaluated with respect to fish ecology,aiming to accumulate the basic data necessary to conserve and exploit fishery resources. Monthly monitoring of water quality in the Alar section of the Tarim River was carried out from April,2012 to March 2013. Spatial-temporal characteristics of the water quality were analyzed based on the water samples collected at the 9th,11 thand 14thRegiments（ 9T,12 T and 14T） of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps（ XPCC） First Division. Water quality parameters were measured using a multi-parameter water quality analyzer（ YSI,USA） at 0.5 m below the water surface and 0.5 m above the bottom at the beginning of each month. Water samples were collected to supplement in-situ measurements and calibrate the analyzer measurements. Results show that water quality in the main stem of the Tarim River in Alar displays significant differences with location and time.Water temperature is low,near 0℃ in January,rapidly warming in the spring,remaining near 20℃ from May until September and then rapidly cooling back to 0℃ in December. Total dissolved solids（ TDS）,Salinity,conductivity,dissolved oxygen（ DO）,saturation dissolved oxygen,pH,oxidation-reduction potential（ ORP） fluctuated with the recharge water from rainfall in April to May and Tianshan snowmelt from July to September. The highest TDS occurred in February and the lowest in June,with the values of 5. 56 g /L and 1. 24 g /L,respectively. The highest salinity（ 4. 58） was observed at 12 T in July,and the lowest salinity（ 1. 21） was found at 9T in May. Temperature and water flow directly affected the water quality parameters that varied significantly from 9T to 14 T. Overall,the water quality of Alar section in the Tarim River was characterized by high DO,high salinity,high TDS,high pH,hi

关 键 词：塔里木河 水质 时空特征 阿拉尔 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]