城市居家环境空气细菌群落结构特征  

Airborne bacterial community composition in family homes in Beijing

作　　者：方治国[1] 欧阳志云[2] 刘芃[3] 孙力[3] 王小勇[3] 

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学环境科学与工程学院,浙江杭州310012 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [3]北京宝洁技术有限公司舒肤佳家庭卫生研究院,北京100086

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2014年第10期2669-2675,共7页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金资助项目(41005085);北京宝洁技术有限公司舒肤佳家庭卫生研究院科技资助项目;中国科学院知识创新工程方向性项目(KZCX2-YW-422);教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金

摘　　要：在北京市5个方向（东南西北中）共选取31户有小孩的家庭于2009年11月至2010年10月研究了城市居家环境空气细菌的群落结构特征.结果表明,从分离的632株空气细菌中共鉴定出43属细菌,其中革兰氏阳性菌32属,革兰氏阴性菌11属.优势菌属依次为微球菌属（Micrococcus）、芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、葡萄球菌属（Staphylococcus）和库克氏菌属（Kocuria）,分别占25%~31%,12%~17%,10%~15%,9%~18%,4属细菌百分比约占63%~71%.在北京市取样的31户家庭中,空气细菌浓度范围为47~12341cfu/m3,平均值为1821cfu/m3.总体上,春季和夏季空气细菌浓度分别为2967cfu/m3和1742cfu/m3,明显高于秋季和冬季的1334cfu/m3和1242cfu/m3（P〈0.05）.北京市居家环境空气细菌浓度男孩家庭（2123cfu/m3）明显高于女孩家庭（1511cfu/m3）（P〈0.01）.The community composition and concentration variation pattern of airborne bacteria were conducted from Nov. 2009 to Oct. 2010 in 31 households with children in Beijing. Results showed that 43 genera （32 genera of Gram-positive and 11genera of Gram-negative bacteria） airborne bacteria was identified from 632 isolates. The most common bacterias were members of genera Micrococcus, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Kocuria, and contributed to 5%~31%, 12%~17%, 10%~15%, 9%~18%of the total bacterias, respectively. In the selected 31 households, the bacterial concentration in the air ranged from 47~12341cfu/m3, and the mean concentration was 1821cfu/m3. As for the seasonal variation pattern of airborne bacteria, higher bacterial concentration was observed in spring （2967cfu/m3）, followed by summer （1742cfu/m3） and autumn （1334cfu/m3）, and the lowest in winter （1242cfu/m3）. Finally, we also discovered bacterial concentration in households with boys （2123cfu/m3） was higher than households with girls （1511cfu/m3）.

关 键 词：居家环境 空气细菌 生物气溶胶 微球菌属 芽孢杆菌属 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X712