中小学生视力不良与环境因素关系分析  

Relation between environmental factors and myopia among the primary and middle school students

作　　者：奉琪[1] 罗家有[1] 曾嵘[2] 熊灵芝[3] 罗米扬[4] 王质蕙[4] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学公共卫生学院,湖南长沙410078 [2]中南大学湘雅医院 [3]宁乡县疾病预防控制中心 [4]复旦大学上海医学院

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2014年第8期1127-1130,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：国家科技2012年度卫生公益性行业科研专项(201202010)

摘　　要：目的探讨环境因素与中小学生视力不良的关系，为预防视力不良提供科学依据。方法采用现况调查方法，对分层整群抽取的长沙市某县7所中小学校一～九年级共3586名学生进行问卷调查。结果中小学生视力不良率为27．3％。单因素r检验结果显示：读写时眼睛距离书本不足1尺（33．3cm）、脸趴在手臂上读书写字、在行驶的车上看书、在昏暗光线下看书、持续用眼30min后不休息、持续用眼30min后远眺休息、持续用眼30min后户外活动以及每天睡眠时间大于10h、平均每周上体育课的天数、1周内累计运动次数及平均每天户外活动的时间、每天按时就餐等不同情况下，学生视力不良率差异均有统计学意义（P值均〈O．05）；多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，读写时眼睛距离书本不足1尺（OR=2．331）、在行驶的车上看书（OR=1．959）、持续用眼30min不休息（OR=1．318）是视力不良的危险因素，而持续用眼30min后户外活动（OR=0．618）是视力不良的保护因素。结论中小学生视力不良与多种环境因素有关，应采取相应干预措施预防视力不良的发生。Objective To explore the relationship between environmental factors and myopia among primary and middle school students and to provide scientific basis for myopia prevention. Methods Totally 3 586 students from 7 schools in Changsha were randomly selected by cluster sampling method. Myopia associated factors were analyzed by using Chi-square test,multivariate logistic regression. Results In primary school and junior high school,myopia rate was 27.3%. Chi-square analysis showed that myopia rate differed significantly in variables including distance from the eyes to a reading and writing object less than 1 foot,lying on the arm when reading or writing,reading in a moving car,reading in dim light,continuous using eyes for 30 minutes without a break,overlooking after continued use of eyes 30 minutes,taking outdoor activity after continued use of eyes 30 minutes,and sleeping more than 10 hours a day,average days per week in gym class,total exercise frequency,average daily time for outdoor activities,eating on time every day. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that distance from the eyes to a reading and writing object less than 1 foot( OR = 2.331),reading in a moving car( OR = 1.959),continuous using eyes for 30 minutes without a break( OR = 1.318) was risk factor for myopia; Taking outdoor activity after continuous use of eyes for 30 minutes( OR = 0.618)was protective factor for myopia. Conclusion Myopia among primary and middle school students is associated with a variety of environmental factors. Potentially effective measures for myopia prevention should be developed and implemented as soon as possible.

关 键 词：近视 环境 因素分析 统计学 学生 

分 类 号：R195.4[医药卫生—卫生统计学] R778.11[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]