河宽模型对Muskingum-Cunge方法汇流的影响  

Routing affects of channel width models on Muskingum-Cunge method

作　　者：钟向宁[1] 周买春[1] 刘远[1] 黄韩英 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学水利与土木工程学院,广州510642 [2]广东省韩江流域管理局,广东汕头515041

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2014年第5期28-35,共8页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41171029);广东省水利科技创新项目(2009-42);华南农业大学校长科学基金项目(7600-K07050)

摘　　要：分布式流域水文模型常采用Muskingum-Cunge方法进行河道汇流,通过有限差分求解运动波方程来近似扩散波方程,方程中的水流波速和水力扩散度根据河道单宽参考流量来计算,因此需要给出各处的河道宽度。BTOPMC采用Lu河宽模型,河流动力学中介绍了阿尔图宁模型,本文在Lu模型和阿尔图宁模型的基础上,综合考虑河床、河岸淤积物的土质组成和河道坡度等因素,对河宽模型进行了改进,并根据卫星地图量测实际河宽来确定模型参数。应用各种河宽模型,利用BTOPMC对韩江流域进行全年的日径流模拟,结果表明,河宽模型越准确,Muskingum-Cunge汇流方法精度越高,曼宁糙率系数的估算值越合理,日径流模拟效果也越好。In distributed watershed hydrological models, the Muskingum-Cunge method is often employed for channel routing. It uses a of finite-difference solution of the kinematic wave equation to approximate the diffusion wave equation. The parameters of wave celerity and hydraulic diffusion coefficient in the diffusion wave equation are evaluated at a giving a reference discharge per unit width of the channel, and therefore distribution of channel width over the watershed is needed. In the distributed hydrological model BTOPMC, a channel width model called Lu model is used. Another model called Altunin model is also described in river mechanics. Based on these two models, this paper presents new channel width models for a comprehensive consideration of the soil composition of channel bed and banks and the slope of channel bottom. The new models were calibrated using the river width measurements from satellite maps, and applied to BTOPMC modeling of the Hanjiang river basin. Results show that the closer to actuality the channel width models, the more accurate the Muskingum-Cunge method, the more reasonable the estimated Manning roughness, and the better the hydrological modeling.

关 键 词：河流动力学 河宽模型 比较研究 Muskingum-Cunge法 BTOPMC模型 

分 类 号：TV121[水利工程—水文学及水资源]