利用卫星遥感热场信息探索现今构造活动：以汶川地震为例  

EXPLORING THE CURRENT TECTONIC ACTIVITY WITH SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING THERMAL INFORMATION:A CASE OF THE WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE

作　　者：陈顺云[1] 马瑾[1] 刘培洵[1] 刘力强[1] 扈小燕[1] 任雅琼[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地震局地质研究所、地震动力学国家重点实验室,北京100029

出　　处：《地震地质》2014年第3期775-793,共19页Seismology and Geology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41172180);中国地震局地质研究所基本科研业务专项(IGCEA1301);地震动力学国家重点实验室自主课题(LED2009A07)共同资助

摘　　要：以汶川地震为例,探索卫星遥感获取的地表温度场中可能存在的构造活动信息。主要开展了3方面工作:1)分析了汶川地震前后的热场演化过程。结果表明,通过数据处理,将地表温度中的地形、大气和稳定年周期太阳辐射等非构造因素的影响去除后,获得的原地温度场中,存在丰富的、与构造展布密切相关的热信息。2)结合浅层气温的实际观测资料,初步尝试建立地表温度与地壳应力应变之间的定量关系。结果表明,地壳应力引起的温度变化,可对近地表大气温度产生比较明显的影响。特别是地表温度场中的低温区具有较高的可信度。汶川地震前后,降温区主要沿着大型活动地块的边界展布,反映出这些块体边界之间的相对拉张(或松弛)运动关系。3)以同震变形响应资料为基础,开展了变形与热信息的对比分析。结果表明,温度场获得的结果与同震变形观测结果高度吻合。这说明青藏高原内部地块边界的温度变化,可能正是地震前后青藏高原内部变形调整过程的真实反映。总之,可以通过"热"的方式来获取地壳应力状态的变化信息。The objective of this paper is to explore the current tectonic activity with satellite remote sensing thermal information by taking a case of the Wenchuan earthquake.Three items are accomplished as follows：1）the process of evaluation of thermal field before and after Wenchuan earthquake is analyzed.The results indicate that there exist plenty of thermal information associated with the distribution of tectonics in the in-situ land surface temperature field,which is extracted from land surface temperature in which the effects of non-tectonic factors,such as topography,atmosphere and solar radiation are gotten rid of.2） Combining with measurement of the shallow atmosphere temperature,the quantitative relationship between increment of land surface temperature and crustal stress-strain is preliminarily investigated.Results indicate that the increment generated by the crustal stress may obviously affect the shallow atmosphere temperature.Especially,the temperature-lowering zone has more reliability.There exist some temperature lowering zones along the boundaries of large geological blocks before and after Wenchuan earthquake,which reflects the relatively extensional movement （or stress relaxation） among these corresponding blocks.3） Based on the co-seismic deformation,the comparative analysis is done between co-seismic deformation and thermal information.Results indicate that the tectonically adjusted area obtained from temperature field is largely accordant with that of co-seismic deformation.This shows that the variation of temperature along the boundaries of large geological blocks within the Tibet Plateau reflects the process of the adjustment of crustal deformation of the Tibet Plateau before and after Wenchuan earthquake.In summary,it is a possible approach to obtain the change of state of crustal stress by using the thermal method.

关 键 词：卫星遥感 现今构造活动 地表温度 汶川地震 物理机理 

分 类 号：P315.72[天文地球—地震学]