岩石高速摩擦实验的进展  

PROGRESS IN HIGH-VELOCITY FRICTIONAL EXPERIMENTS ON ROCKS AT STATE KEY LABORATORY OF EARTHQUAKE DYNAMICS

作　　者：马胜利[1] 姚路[1] 嶋本利彦 東郷徹宏 侯林锋[1,3] 王羽 

机构地区：[1]中国地震局地质研究所,地震动力学国家重点实验室,北京100029 [2]日本产业技术综合研究所 [3]浙江省地震局,杭州310013 [4]中国科学院上海技术物理研究所,上海200083

出　　处：《地震地质》2014年第3期814-824,共11页Seismology and Geology

基　　金：汶川地震断裂带科学钻探(WFSD09)专项;地震动力学国家重点实验室自主课题(LED2010A05)共同资助

摘　　要：文中简述了地震动力学国家重点实验室近年来在岩石高速摩擦实验方面的进展.为了深化断层与地震力学研究,实验室建设了一套旋转剪切低速-高速摩擦实验装置,可开展滑动速率介于板块运动速率（cm/a量级）至地震滑动速率（m/s量级）的岩石摩擦实验,其中高速摩擦性能填补了实验室的技术空白.以此为依托,围绕汶川地震断层带力学性质研究,开展了一系列高速摩擦实验.结果表明,龙门山断裂带断层泥的高速摩擦性质具有一致性,其高速滑动下显著的滑动弱化必定在汶川地震中极大地促进了破裂的扩展;断层弱化的主导机制是与摩擦生热相关的过程,包括凹凸体急速加热弱化和热压作用;断层泥在经历高速滑动弱化之后摩擦系数可在5～ 10s内恢复0.4,断层强度的快速恢复是同震主破裂带余震减少的原因之一.基于对实验装置现状和现有成果的分析,展望了近期实验室岩石高速摩擦的发展方向.This paper briefly reviews the recent progress in high-velocity frictional experiments on rocks at State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics.In order to promote research on faulting and earthquake mechanics,a rotary-shear low-to high-velocity friction apparatus is installed at the laboratory,which is capable of producing plate to seismic slip velocities（～mm/yr to～ m/s）and the capability of high-velocity friction bridges a technical gap of the laboratory.Focusing on the mechanical properties of the Longmenshan Fault zone,a series of high-velocity frictional experiments have neen operated by using the apparatus.The results indicate that the high-velocity frictional properties of the Longmenshan Fault zone are quite uniform and the significant high-velocity weakening must have promoted dynamic rupture propagation during the Wenchuan earthquake.The predominant mechanisms for fault weakening are processes related with frictional heating,including flash heating and thermal pressurization.Fault gouges exhibit very rapid healing by more than 0.4 in friction coefficient μ within 5～ 10s,and the rapid healing following seismic slip can be a cause for reduced aftershocks along major coseismic faults.Based on the present capability of the apparatus and the experimental results obtained,some topics are proposed for study on high-velocity friction of rocks in the near future including the modification of the rotary-shear low-to high-velocity friction apparatus and the related experiments.

关 键 词：低速-高速摩擦实验装置 高速摩擦 汶川地震 龙门山断裂带 

分 类 号：P313[天文地球—固体地球物理学]