γ射线辐射花粉对苹果受精及胚发育的影响  

Influence of γ-irradiated Pollen on Fertilization and Embryo Development in Apple

作　　者：任莹 张春芬[2] 小森贞男 邓舒[2] 肖蓉[2] 罗慧珍[1,4] 孟玉平[2,4] 曹秋芬[1,2,4,5] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学生物工程学院,太原030006 [2]山西省农业科学院果树研究所,太谷030815 [3]日本国立岩手大学农学部,盛冈020-8550 [4]山西省农业科学院生物技术研究中心,太原030031 [5]农业部黄土高原作物基因资源与种质创制重点实验室,太原030031

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2014年第5期937-942,共6页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：国家自然基金(3127217;31372033);山西省科技攻关(20120311017-2)项目;山西省农科院育种专项共同资助

摘　　要：辐射花粉法是诱导苹果孤雌生殖的重要手段,了解辐射后胚发育过程对提高单倍体诱导率很有必要。本研究利用500 Gyγ射线照射‘珊夏’苹果花粉后,分别授于‘富士’、‘王林’柱头,观察其受精及胚发育过程,同时以正常花粉授粉为对照。结果表明:500 Gyγ射线照射后降低了‘富士’、‘王林’的结果率,影响果实大小,且不能产生正常、饱满的种子。显微观察结果表明:γ射线照射后花粉能够萌发,花粉管能够正常伸长进入子房,可以形成胚细胞并能进行初期发育,但在20 d时停止发育,40 d时完全解体消失。因此,对γ射线处理后的‘富士’、‘王林’进行幼胚培养的最佳时期应是授粉后20 d左右。研究结果为‘富士’、‘王林’孤雌生殖体系的建立提供了依据。Pollen irradiation technique has been an important way to induce parthenogenesis in situ in apple. To increase haploid induction rate using this technique, a deeper understanding of irradiated embryo development process is required. In this study, ＇Fuji＇ and ＇Olin＇ were pollinated with ＇Sansa＇ pollens irradiated by 500 Gy γ- rays, then the processes of fertilization and embryogenesis were observed. The results showed that irradiation treatment can reduce fruit set rate, decrease fruit size, and the seeds are abnormal. Compared with control, irradiation had no significant difference in pollen germination, pollen tube growth and early embryonic develop- meat. But the young embryos stopped developing at 20 days after pollination, and disappeared entirely at 40 days. It means that the optimum stage of immature embryo culture is on 20 days or so after pollination. The results provide a basis for the establishment of parthenogenic system of “Fuji” and “Olin”.

关 键 词：Γ射线 苹果花粉 受精 胚发育 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]