以某县麻疹爆发调查为例对免疫规划基层落实影响因素的定性调查  

A Qualitative Study on Factors Influential to Progress of a County Immunization Program Conducted during A Measles Outbreak Investigation

作　　者：段梦娟[1] 肖善良 郭柏松 高立冬[4] 李放军[4] 夏伟[4] 雷鸣[2] 杨彦华[4] 马超[1] 李黎[1] 李俊华[4] 罗会明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心免疫规划中心,北京100050 [2]邵阳市疾病预防控制中心,湖南邵阳422000 [3]隆回县疾病预防控制中心,湖南隆回422200 [4]湖南省疾病预防控制中心,长沙410005

出　　处：《中国疫苗和免疫》2014年第5期425-428,458,共5页Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization

摘　　要：目的探讨免疫规划在基层落实的影响因素。方法运用质性研究中的现象学研究方法,对3组同质人群(免疫规划管理人员9名、预防接种人员6名、儿童家长9名)分别展开深入访谈和小组焦点访谈,现场进行录音和笔录,通过类属分析法分析资料并形成主题。结果目前免疫规划在基层落实存在的问题主要有:无独立专项经费;经费划拨和考核相对分离;专业人员数量不足、资质配置不合理;预防接种人员受重视程度低、工作量大、待遇低、整体数量和资质不够;预防接种服务可及性差等。结论免疫规划在基层落实存在多方面的制约因素,政府应加强领导,从战略高度提升免疫规划服务的整体水平。Objective Determine factors that influence progress of immunization program during a measles outbreak investigation.Methods We used phenomenological research methods in this qualitative study and interviewed 3 homogeneous groups of subjects.We conducted in-depth interviews with 9 immunization management staff and 6 vaccination staff,and focus group discussions among 9 parents whose children were under 2 years old.Taxonomic analysis was used to categorize themes from the narrative data.Results The current challenges include： a lack of dedicated immunization funding,funds distribution was independent of evaluation,inefficient health professionals,vaccination staff were not listened to and had heavy workloads and low income,insufficient high-quality vaccination staff,and low accessibility of immunization services.Conclusion Many barriers exist that impeded progress of this county immunization program.Government should pay more attention to immunization programs and staff in order to strategically improve immunization services.

关 键 词：免疫规划 质性研究 麻疹爆发 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学] R511.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]