半干旱区3a不同轮作组合系统的综合评价  

Comprehensive Evaluation of 3-year Different Combinations of Crop Rotation Systems in Semi-arid Areas

作　　者：李明[1] 郝建平[1] 杜天庆[1] 郝科栋[1] 马磊磊[1] 邢江会[1] 范龙秋[1] 刘欢玲 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2014年第10期1090-1094,共5页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省科技攻关项目(20120311007);山西旱作节水现代农业样板基地关键技术集成示范项目(20120311007)

摘　　要：以当地主要种植的6种粮、菜作物组成的轮作组合为研究对象,通过在半干旱区连续3 a进行不同轮作方式试验,重点研究不同轮作方式下的系统等价产量、等价产值、耗水量及水分利用效率的差异,并在兼顾经济效益和生态效益的基础上,筛选出适应当地旱作农业生产的最优粮菜作物组合模式。结果表明,系统等价产量最高的组合模式为玉米→甘蓝→甘蓝,产量达到45 014 kg/hm2,其次为玉米3 a连作和谷子→甘蓝→甘蓝组合模式,最差的处理组合为谷子→马铃薯→马铃薯,产量仅为10 965 kg/hm2;系统产值较高的组合模式为玉米→菜豆→甘蓝、谷子→甘蓝→甘蓝、谷子→菜豆→甘蓝和玉米→甘蓝→甘蓝,产值均高于187 500元/hm2,菜豆连作表现次之,产值最低的是玉米→大豆→大豆组合,仅为39 465元/hm2;系统耗水量较低的组合模式为谷子→甘蓝→马铃薯、玉米→甘蓝→大豆和玉米→甘蓝→马铃薯,仅为1 073 mm,耗水量较高的组合有谷子→大豆→甘蓝、玉米→马铃薯→甘蓝和谷子→菜豆→甘蓝,最高与高低耗水量最大相差189 mm;系统水分利用效率较高的轮作组合为玉米→甘蓝→甘蓝和谷子→甘蓝→甘蓝,玉米→甘蓝→马铃薯的表现次之,大豆连作水分利用效率最低。综合以上4个方面所筛选出表现较好的轮作组合有:玉米→马铃薯→甘蓝、玉米→马铃薯→菜豆、玉米→甘蓝→马铃薯。The combination of crop rotation experiment in 6 mainly local kinds of grain,vegetable crops grown composed of research object.The difference of productivity,equivalent output,water consumption and water use efficiency was researched under three-year rotation in a row in semi-arid regions,in order to screen the optimal rotation combination giving consideration both economic and ecological benefits to adapt to local agricultural production.The results show：（1）The highest productivity combination accounting for45 014 kg/hm2 was corn→cabbage→cabbage.The performance times were corn→corn→corn and millet→cabbage→cabbage.And millet →potato→potato was the worst,production only 10 965 kg/hm^2（.2）The combination of high system output mode were corn→bean→cabbage,millet→cabbage→cabbage,millet→bean-cabbage and corn→cabbage→cabbage,which were all more than 187 500 yuan/hm2.Bean→bean→bean showed general performance.And the lowest output was 39 465 yuan/hm2 of corn-soybean soybean（.3）The lower water consumption of crop rotation combination were millet→cabbage→potato,corn→cabbage→soybean and corn→cabbage→potato,wherein the minimum amount of water was 1 073 mm;the water consumption of millet→soybeans→cabbage,corn→potato→cabbage or millet→bean→cabbage were lager 189 mm than the former（.4）The combination of corn→cabbage→cabbage had the highest water use efficiency,following by millet→cabbage→cabbage and corn→cabbage→potato,soybean→soybean→soybean was the lowest.Based on the above,the rotation combination of corn→potato→cabbage,corn→potato→bean and corn→cabbage→potato showing more excellent performance than other ways,were more suitable in the local agricultural production.

关 键 词：半干旱 轮作组合 产量 产值 耗水量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S344.1[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]