干旱区膜下滴灌棉田蒸散发研究  

Study on Evapotranspiration under Cotton in Plastic Film Using Drip Irrigation in the Arid Areas

作　　者：李战超[1,2,3] 陈荣毅[3] 李新建[1,2,3] 刘纪疆 顾雅文 杨雪飞 高淑敏 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业气象台,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [2]新疆兴农网信息中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [3]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2014年第10期1098-1105,共8页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201106043);国家重大科学研究计划"973"项目(2012CB956204)

摘　　要：对膜下滴灌棉田全生育期内蒸散量及不同生育期日蒸散量的研究,可以为西北干旱半干旱区综合开发利用水资源,制定合理的灌溉制度提供科学依据。采用大型蒸渗计对实际的蒸散量进行测定,结果表明,膜下滴灌棉田全生育期内总蒸发量为438.3 mm,花期日蒸发量达到最大值（4.7 mm）,棉花最大耗水时段为6月20日至9月10日,总耗水量265.2 mm,以每次灌水40 mm,约灌水7次,间隔时间8～9 d;土壤深度5 cm时,微型蒸渗计逐日土壤蒸散量大小表现为膜内不封底〉膜外不封底〉膜内封底〉膜外封底,在开孔面积相同的情况下,微型蒸渗计口径越大,蒸发量越小;降水或灌溉以后,棉田的蒸散发以土壤蒸发为主,随着土壤含水量的减少变为棉花蒸腾为主,蒸发量也随之逐渐减小。The study on drip irrigation under mulch film the membrane evapotranspiration in total fertility period and the daily evaporation at different stages can provide the basis of comprehensive exploitation and utilization of water resources and establish scientific and reasonable irrigation system for the northwest arid and semi-arid areas.This article uses the large steam lysimeter to measure the actual evaporation,the main results are as follows：Evapotranspiration of drip irrigation under mulch film the reproductive period is 438.3 mm,the evapotranspiration reaches maximum 4.7 mm under flowering time,the biggest water consumption period is from June 20 th to September 10 th,the total water consumption is 265.2 mm,and needs about seven times with per irrigation 40 mm.Time interval is 8 to 9 days;when the soil is 5 cm deep,daily soil evaporation rule is membrane with gauze back cover outside membrane gauze back overmembrane with film back coveroutside membrane with film back over.In the sit opening area,the larger miniature evaporator diameter is,the less evaporation is;after precipitation or irrigation,soil evaporation mainly affects the evaporation of cotton fields.As the soil moisture content reduce,cotton transpiration becomes a major factor and the evaporation decreases.

关 键 词：棉花 膜下滴灌 蒸散发 干旱区 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]