稻草的高效渗漉降解工艺  

High efficiency degradation of rice straw by diacolation process

作　　者：袁小利[1] 向天勇[2] 张正红[2] 宋哲岳[2] 单胜道[1] 邱蕾 

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院,浙江临安311300 [2]嘉兴职业技术学院,浙江嘉兴314036 [3]宁波市鄞州兴达环保工程有限公司,浙江宁波315000

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2014年第5期1324-1330,共7页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：浙江省优先主题重大农业项目(2010C12001);嘉兴市重大科技项目(2012BZ6001)

摘　　要：稻草的水解酸化是制备沼气的关键步骤。为探索适用于稻草高效降解的渗漉技术,对料液比、发酵温度、尿素溶液浓度、吐温-80用量等影响因素进行研究。结果表明,稻草高效渗漉降解的最适工艺条件为：料液比1∶8,发酵温度37℃,尿素溶液浓度3%,吐温-80用量0.2%。在渗漉降解过程中,反应体系pH维持在7.0～7.5之间,稻草半纤维素被大量降解,纤维素和木质素也有不同程度的降解。扫描电镜显示,稻草表层乳突和瘤状的致密结构几乎被完全破坏,深层长细胞暴露,并出现不同程度的崩解。Pre-treatment by acidification and hydrolysis is the key technique for biomethanation process. In order to improve the degradation efficiency of rice straw by diacolation process,the reaction condition was optimized from solid-fluid ratio,fermentation temperature,urea concentration,and Tween-80 dosage. It was shown that optimum condition was as follows： solid-fluid ratio of 1 ∶ 8,fermentation temperature of 37℃,urea concentration of 3%,and Tween-80 concentration of 0. 2%. During the degradation,the pH of the reaction system was maintained at 7. 0-7. 5. Hemicellulose in rice straw was largely degraded after the process,and cellulose and lignin were degraded to varying degrees. Electronic scanning image displayed that the compact structure of rice straw surface mastoid was destroyed,and deep long cells were exposed and disintegrated to some extent.

关 键 词：稻草 EM菌 生物降解 沼气 

分 类 号：X712[环境科学与工程—环境工程]