“发展中贫困”困局的成因与破解对策——来自新阶段重庆扶贫开发的调查与分析  

The Cause and Solvable Measures for the Dilemma of“the Poverty in Development”——Survey and Analysis of Poverty-alleviation in Chongqing at the New Stage

作　　者：田代贵[1] 王定祥[2] 

机构地区：[1]重庆社会科学院区域经济研究所,重庆400020 [2]西南大学农业教育与发展研究中心,重庆400715

出　　处：《西部论坛》2014年第6期81-89,共9页West Forum

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(12CJY062)"农村扶贫金融制度的构建与创新研究";国家社会科学基金资助项目(13AJY019)"财政金融服务创新与新型农业经营体系构建的协同机制与模式研究";国家社会科学基金西部项目(12XJY017)"农村集体资产股份制改革研究";教育部人文社科规划基金资助项目(11YJA790146)"二元经济结构下统筹城乡金融协调发展研究";教育部新世纪优秀人才计划项目"新型农业经营主体培育的投融资体制创新研究";重庆市人文社科重点研究基地项目(12SKB019)"农村反贫困中的财政金融协同扶贫机制与模式研究"

摘　　要：2011年以来,我国扶贫开发工作已由"解决温饱"进入"发展致富"新阶段。市场失灵导致贫困地区要素集聚能力弱、投资不足,资源环境约束导致扶贫移民数量大、增收难度大,城乡二元制度导致城乡居民公共服务差距大、农村要素资本化程度低,贫困人群知识技能缺乏导致其人力资本存量低,以及财政扶贫资金总量不足、配置效率低,使贫困地区普遍面临"在贫困中发展、在发展中贫困"的困局;加上贫困标准的提高,新阶段扶贫开发任务依然十分艰巨。应加大投入力度,增强贫困地区发展能力;完善政策配套,提升易地搬迁扶贫效率;提升贫困人口人力资本,阻断贫困代际传递;加快制度创新,增强贫困地区内生发展动力;加快立法研究,为扶贫开发提供法制保障。Since 2011, China’s poverty-alleviation development work has entered into a new stage from “solutionto the problem in ample food and clothes” to “becoming rich by development”. The poverty areas generally face thedilemma of “the development in poverty and the poverty in development” because market failure results in the weakfactor agglomeration capacity and insufficient investment in poverty areas, because resources and environmentconstraints cause big number of the immigrants in need of poverty-alleviation and the big difficulty in their incomegrowth, because urban and rural dual system leads to big gap of public service between urban and rural inhabitants,because rural factor capitalization degree is low, because the groups in poverty are short of knowledge and skills andbecause total financial poverty-alleviation funds are inadequate and their distribution efficiency is low. In addition,the promotion of poverty standard makes the poverty-alleviation development task still difficult at the new stage.Thus, China should enlarge investment to strengthen the development capacity in the poverty areas, perfect thematched policies to improve the efficiency in displaced immigration poverty-alleviation, boost the human capital forthe poverty population to prevent the poverty population from intergeneration transmission, speed up institutionalinnovation to consolidate the endogenous development motive power in the poverty areas, and start legislationresearch quickly to provide legal guarantee for poverty-alleviation development.

关 键 词：发展中贫困 扶贫开发 扶贫移民 扶贫资金 要素集聚能力 城乡二元制度 贫困代际传递 公共服务均等化 

分 类 号：F126[经济管理—世界经济]