2007—2013年黄山市风疹流行特征及免疫策略  

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of rubella and discussion on immunization strategies in Huangshan City from 2007-2013

作　　者：张向阳[1] 王维维[1] 汪萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省黄山市疾病预防控制中心,245000

出　　处：《职业与健康》2014年第19期2747-2749,共3页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的了解2007—2013年黄山市风疹流行病学特征,探讨风疹免疫策略,为制定预防控制风疹和先天性风疹综合征（CRS）提供科学依据。方法对黄山市疾病监测信息管理系统及突发公共卫生事件信息报告管理系统报告的风疹发病资料,进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2007—2013年间累计报告风疹2 581例,年平均发病率为24.50/10万,无死亡病例。风疹流行周期约为3 a,2008和2011年为流行高峰年。发病高峰月为3—6月。地区分布表现为黄山区最高（74.19/10万）,徽州区最低（6.32/10万）。男性发病1 451例,女性1 130例。男女发病比为1.28∶1。近年风疹发病呈现逐渐向大龄人群推移的趋势,以10-20岁年龄组最高,占总病例数的73.23%。职业分布以学生为主,占病例总数的78.03%。风疹暴发疫情全部发生在中、小学校。结论黄山市2007—2013年风疹发病人群以学生为主,发病年龄呈向大龄人群推移的趋势。应加强对校医培训,规范疫情报告和学校疫情处置,预防控制风疹暴发,尽快制定对育龄期妇女接种风疹疫苗的免疫策略,减少CRS的发生。[ Objective] To know the epidemiological characteristics of rubella in Huangshan City from 2007-2013, discuss the rubella immunization strategy, and provide scientific evidence for preventing and controlling the rubella and congenital rubella syndrome （CRS）. [ Methods ] The data of rubella cases from China disease prevention and control information system and the Public health emergency information management system were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. [ Results ] A total of 2 581 rubella cases were reported from 2007-2013, and the average annual incidence was 24.50/lakh, without death case. The epidemic cycle of rubella was 3 years, and the incidence rate reached the peak in 2008 and 2011. The peak season occurred March to June. The incidence rate in Huangshan District was the highest 174.19/lakh）, while that in Huizhou City was the lowest （6.32/lakh）. There were 1 451 male cases and 1 130 female cases, with male-to-female ratio of 1.28： 1. The epidemic situation of rubella showed a tendency that older age groups were easier to get infection, and the 73.23% of patients were children aged 10-20 years old. Most of cases were students, accounting for 78. 03%. All outbreaks of rubella occurred in primary and secondary schools. [ Conclusion]The rubella cases are mainly students in Huangshan City from 2007-2013, and the onset age shows a tendency to move toward older age group. It is important to strengthen training among school doctors, and standardize the epidemic situation reporting and school outbreak disposal, to prevent and control rubella outbreaks. The rubella immunization strategy for reproductive women should be formulated as soon as possible, to reduce the incidence rate of CRS.

关 键 词：风疹 特征 分析 策略 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]