微生物菌肥对黄河上游地区设施土壤微生物及酶活性的影响  

Effects of the microbial fertilizers on microorganism and enzymic activity in greenhouse soil on upper reaches of the Yellow River

作　　者：张丽娟[1] 曲继松[1] 郭文忠 杨冬艳[1] 冯海萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院种质资源研究所,宁夏银川750002 [2]国家农业智能装备工程技术研究中心,北京100097

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2014年第5期32-36,99,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：宁夏自然科学基金项目(NZ1175);自治区科技攻关项目(2012ZYH110);自治区中日国际合作项目"近自然农法技术在宁夏蔬菜生产中的引进与研究";国家星火计划项目(2011GA880001)

摘　　要：为了研究施入微生物菌肥对黄河上游地区设施土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响,试验以设施哈蜜瓜土壤为研究对象,设7个处理,分别为EM的不同施用方式及另外3种不同微生物菌肥,另加CK处理,在哈蜜瓜生长的不同时期取土样测定微生物数量及酶活性。结果表明,在哈密瓜同一生长时期,各处理土壤细菌、放线菌数量均比CK多;整个生长时期内,细菌、放线菌数量均先增加后减少;真菌数量采收期较苗期和膨瓜期大幅度增加,但CK增加的幅度最大,数量最多;土壤脲酶活性呈下降趋势,蔗糖酶活性先降低后升高。因此,施入微生物菌肥有利于改善设施哈密瓜土壤的微生物结构,有助于促使土壤微生物从低肥的"真菌型"向高肥的"细菌型"土壤转化;增加土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化物酶活性。表现突出的为处理2和处理6,即"叶面喷施+根部冲施EM原液"和"冲施氮磷钾‘A50',植株喷清水"。The investigation was carried out to explore the effects of microbial fertilizers on the greenhouse soil microorgan- ism and enzyme activities using the soil of greenhouse Hami melon as test materials, seven treatments were set up, which were EM with three different application methods, three other microbial fertilizers, and CK. The soil was sampled to analyze microorganism quantities and enzyme activities periodically. The result showed that in the same growing period of Hami melon, the soil bacteria and actinomycetes amounts of treatments were all more than CK ; The amount of bacteria, aetinomycetes were firstly increased and then decreased in the whole growth period; The number of fungi in harvest period were substantially increased than those of the seeding and fruit enlargement stage, especially in CK, which was greatest increased; The urease activity declined, and the invertase activity was firstly decreased and then increased. It was concluded that all the tested microbial fertilizers could improve soil microbial structure, promote the multiplication of bacteria and aeti- nomyeetes, inhibit the growth of the fungi; And increase soil urease, invertase and peroxidase activities. Especially, the treatments of “foliar spraying ＋ root irrigating with EM” and “irrigating with N, P, K ‘ A50＇ ” had obvious effects.

关 键 词：微生物菌肥 设施哈蜜瓜 土壤微生物 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S144[农业科学—肥料学] S154.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]