播期、密度和施肥量对直播油菜重要农艺性状与产量的影响  

Effects of seeding date,plant density and fertilizer amount on correlation between agronomic traits and yield of rapeseed

作　　者：张晓龙[1] 何俊龙[1] 宋海星[1] 荣湘民[1] 官春云[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学资源环境学院/农田污染控制与农业资源利用湖南省重点实验室/植物营养湖南省普通高等学校重点实验室,湖南长沙410128 [2]国家油料改良中心湖南分中心,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2014年第5期70-74,共5页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家油菜产业技术体系"栽培生理岗位油菜高效合理施肥技术"(nyctx-00509);湖南省高校创新平台开放基金项目"油菜高效合理施肥技术"(12K064);湖南省政府专项"湖南双季稻区油菜早熟品种选育和机械化生产技术研究与生产示范"(湘府阅2012-45号)

摘　　要：2010~2011年度以甘蓝型半冬性核不育杂交油菜为材料,采用三元二次回归正交组合设计研究了直播油菜最高产时的栽培组合,并对8个重要农艺性状与小区产量之间进行相关及通径分析。结果表明,直播油菜的株高、单株有效角果数、每角果粒数、根茎粗和叶痕数与直播油菜的产量呈极显著或显著正相关关系,各农艺性状与直播油菜产量的相关系数大小依次为单株有效角果数(0.9554)>株高(0.9340)>根茎粗(0.9107)>每角果粒数(0.9106)>叶痕数(0.8445)>分支位高度(0.694.1)>分支数(0.5595)>千粒重(0.2292)。各相关性状对油菜产量的直接影响为单株有效角果数(0.8811)>根茎粗(-0.4645)>叶痕数(0.3350)>株高(0.2908)>分支数(-0.2000)>每角果粒数(0.0857)>分支位高度(0.0732)>千粒重(0.0454)。直播油菜的叶痕数和根茎粗是影响产量的重要农艺性状,叶痕数对产量起直接作用,而根茎粗主要是通过间接作用起到增产效果。在南方双季稻区,播期、密度和施肥量对直播油菜产量均有显著影响,在本试验条件下,以播期为10月27日,种植密度不少于45万株/hm^2,施肥量为1851.9kg/hm^2的组合为最佳种植方案。The best combination of rapeseed sowing date, planting density and fertilizer amount level, correlation and path analysis between 8 agronomic traits and yield were studied in this experiment by ternary quadratic regression orthogonal composite design from 2010 to 2011. The results showed that plant height, the number of effective siliques per plant, seeds per silique, diameter of root-stem, and the number of leaf scar showed a significant or extremely significant correlation with yield. The correlation coefficient of agronomic traits on yield was the number of effective siliques per plant （0. 955 4 ） 〉 plant height （0. 934 0） 〉diameter of root-stem （0. 910 7） 〉 seeds per siligue （0. 910 6） 〉 the number＇of leaf scar （0. 844 5） 〉 branch height （0. 694 1 ） 〉 the number of branches （0. 559 5） 〉 1 000-seed weight （0. 229 2）. The order of direct effect of agronomic traits on yield was the number of effective siliques per plant （0. 881 1 ） 〉 diameter of root-stem （ -0. 464 5） 〉 the number of leaf scar （0. 335 0） 〉 plant height （0. 290 8） 〉 the number of branches （ - 0. 200 0） 〉 seeds per silique （0. 085 7） 〉 branch height （0. 073 2） 〉 1 000-seed weight （0. 045 4）. The number of leaf scar and diameter of root-stem were important agronomic traits which affecting the yield in this experiment. The number of leaf scar will directly affect yield, while the diameter of root-stem mainly increased yield by influencing of other agronomic traits. In the south paddy field area, rapeseed yield was significantly affected by sowing date, plant density and fertilizer amount. Under the experimental conditions, the combination of sowing date for Oct. 27th, planting density of not less than 450 000 plant/hm2 and the fertilizer amount for the 1851.9 kg/hm2 was the best planting program.

关 键 词：油菜 播期 密度 施肥量 农艺性状 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]