森林火灾应急扑救中航空飞机装备的种类及技术  

Type of Aviation Aircraft Equipment and Technology for Forest Fire Emergency Suppression

作　　者：高仲亮[1,2] 王秋华[2] 舒立福[1] 张明远[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国林科院森林生态环境与保护研究所,北京100091 [2]西南林业大学土木工程学院,云南昆明650224 [3]国家林业局哈尔滨林业机械研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《林业机械与木工设备》2014年第10期4-8,共5页Forestry Machinery & Woodworking Equipment

基　　金：国家科技支撑课题"森林火灾风险评价与防范关键技术研究"(2011BAD32B05);林业公益性行业专项"森林病虫害生物控制及火灾生态调控技术研究"(201004003);云南省教育厅科学研究基金"基于GIS的景谷县思茅松林区计划烧除防火隔离带选线模型研建"(2011C133)

摘　　要：航空飞机是监测和扑救森林火灾的重要组成部分,分为固定翼机和直升机。航空飞机具有出击迅速、机动灵活、不受地形限制等优点,能进行空中指挥、机降灭火、索降灭火、化学灭火、吊桶灭火以及人工增雨和滑降灭火等作业。针对航空灭火水利用率和灭火效率低的缺点,以及水灭火的优越性和水的廉价、安全环保特性,提出水是最好的灭火剂,细水雾是其最佳的作用方式。提高水灭火的利用率、研发细水雾灭火系统和新型机载细水雾灭火弹,发挥其扑救森林火灾的优越性,将是航空灭火的发展方向。As an important part of forest fire monitoring and fighting,aviation aircraft consist of fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters. They attack fast and flexibly,without terrain restrictions,and can realize airborne command,aircraft landing for fire suppression,line-down fire suppression, chemical-based fire suppression,bucket fire suppression,artificial precipitation and fire suppression during glide. In view of such disadvantags as the restrictions involved in the implementation of aerial fire suppression,low utilization rate of water and low efficiency of fire suppression, and such advantages as water-based fire suppression and the low cost,safety and environmental protection features of water,it is proposed that water is the best fire extinguishing agent and water mist is the best way of fire extinctio. Improvement of the utilization rate of water-based fire extinction,research and development of water mist-based fire extinguishing system and new types of airborne water mist fire extinguishing bombs to exert their superiority in forest fire fighting will be the development direction of aerial fire suppression.

关 键 词：森林火灾 航空灭火 飞机 灭火弹 细水雾 

分 类 号：S762[农业科学—森林保护学]