上海市闵行区1993-2013年狂犬病防治成果  

Achievements of rabies prevention and control in Shanghai City Minhang District from 1993 to 2013

作　　者：余峰[1,2] 张莉萍[1] 金宝芳[1] 李捷[1] 王烨[1] 梅克雯[1] 杜艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市闵行区疾病预防控制中心,上海201101 [2]上海市闵行区江川社区卫生服务中心,上海200240

出　　处：《中华疾病控制杂志》2014年第10期926-930,共5页Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention

摘　　要：目的通过描述上海市闵行区1993-2013年狂犬病预防和控制工作成果和状况,为进一步规范狂犬病的防治工作提供参考。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对闵行区近20年狂犬病监测的数据和犬类管理资料、疑似狂犬伤人事件的资料进行分析。结果上海市闵行区1993-2013年共报告6例人狂犬病病例(2例内源性,4例外源性),病死率100%,年平均发病率为0.22/100万。共发生55起疑似狂犬伤人事件,有51只犬头送检,送检率92.73%,其中16只阳性,阳性率31.37%。闵行区居民豢养犬办证数逐年上升,城镇增长幅度大于农村,经过SPSS 18.0曲线拟合,城镇办证犬数呈现指数增长趋势(F=191.42,P<0.001),农村办证犬数增长不明显(F=0.45,P=0.512)。共对175 863例狂犬病宿主动物伤人事件进行狂犬病暴露后处置,其中有证犬伤人占犬伤数20.44%。按照暴露分级显示Ⅲ级暴露占暴露总数的32.68%,平均狂犬病被动免疫制剂接种率为30.15%,2003年后有逐年下降趋势(R2=0.768,P<0.001)。结论目前在新形势下狂犬病防控工作还面临着很多挑战,因此,加强狂犬病防控力度刻不容缓。Objective To describe the condition and achievement of rabies prevention and control in Minhang District, Shanghai City from 1993 to 2013 and to provide reference for further improvement in rabies prevention and control. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were conducted to analyze the surveillance data of rabies, canine management information, and suspected rabies stabbing incidents. Results There were six eases of rabies from 1993 to 2013 in Minhang, Shanghai （two endogenous, four exogenous）, with 100% of mortality. 55 were suspected rabies stabbing inci- dents with 51 of them bein tested; test-submission rate was 92. 73%. 16 of them turned to be positive, the positive rate was 31.37%. The number of canine accreditation was increasing through years among residence in Minhang. Accreditation growth was faster in urban area than in the rural. Through SPSS 18.0 curve fitting, the growth in urban area was increasing exponentially（ F = 191.42 ,P 〈 0. 001 ）, while the growth in rural area was insignificant （F = 0. 45, P = 0. 512 ）. 175 863 biting incidents by rabies host animals were handled, in which licensed dog bite accounted for 20.44% of total dog bites. According to the exposure classification, 32. 68% were LevelⅢ. The average passive vaccination rate of rabies was 30. 15%, which was declining after 2003 （ R2 = 0. 768, P 〈 0. 001 ）. Conclusions The rabies prevention and control is still facing many challenges in this new situation. Therefore, strengthening the rabies prevention and control efforts should not be delayed.

关 键 词：狂犬病 病症防治 流行病学研究 

分 类 号：R183.9[医药卫生—流行病学] R512.2[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]