长期定位施肥对水稻土有机质含量及组成的影响  

Effects of Long-Term Located Fertilization on the Contents and Composition of Organic Matter in Paddy Soil

作　　者：卢志红[1] 嵇素霞 张美良[3] 刘经荣[1] 张结刚[3] 

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学国土资源与环境学院,南昌330045 [2]SQM(北京)贸易有限公司,北京100022 [3]江西农业大学农学院/江西省作物生理生态与遗传育种重点实验室,南昌330045

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2014年第27期98-103,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题"长江中游南部(江西)双季稻持续丰产技术集成创新与示范"(2006BAD02A04)

摘　　要：为揭示水稻土有机质的变化规律,通过长期定位施肥试验研究了27年的不同施肥处理水稻土中有机质含量及其组成。结果表明,长期施肥不同处理的土壤有机质消长呈现明显差异,在等量氮、磷、钾养分的前提下,长期有机-无机肥配施比无肥或单施化肥更有利于稻田土壤有机质的积累;单施化肥、有机-无机肥配施各处理土壤腐殖酸、HA、FA变化趋势基本相同,但有机-无机肥配施土壤腐殖酸、HA、FA一直高于无肥及化肥处理,而且有机-无机肥配施有利于土壤中HA和FA的增加,HA/FA比值随着时间的延伸逐渐减小;有机-无机肥配施可以提高土壤易氧化有机质含量;而且长期施肥土壤有机质与易氧化有机质呈极显著正相关,与全氮、水解氮含量及产量显著正相关。易氧化有机质与土壤全氮、有效磷含量及产量呈显著正相关。其中水稻产量与易氧化有机质的相关性(r=0.8181*)比与有机质(r=0.8020)的相关性较高,说明易氧化有机质对水稻增产有较大的贡献。To reveal variation of organic matter content in red paddy soil, through a 27-years-located fertilization experiment in red paddy soil, the content and composition of organic matter in paddy soil were studied in this paper. The results showed that： the dynamics of soil organic matter of the different fertilization treatments had significant differences, In the premise of equal nutrient （Nitrogen and Phosphorus and Kalium）, combined application of organic-inorganic treatments benefited the accumulation of organic matter in paddy soil than non-fertilizer treatment or chemical fertilizer treatment; the dynamics of soil humic acid, HA and FA of chemical fertilizer only and combined application of organic-inorganic treatments had basically the same trend, but the contents of humic acid, HA and FA of combined application of organic-inorganic treatments had been higher than that of non-fertilizer and chemical fertilizer treatment. Moreover, combined application of organic-inorganic treatments benefited the improvement of the contents of HA and FA, but HA/FA ratio decreased with the extension of time. Combined application of organic-inorganic treatments benefited the improvement of the contents of readily oxidizable O.M; and the contents of soil organic matter in long-term experiment and the contents of readily oxidizable O.M had highly significant positive correlation and the contents of soil total nitrogen, avail nitrogen and potassium had significant positive correlation; the contents of soil readily oxidizable O.M and the contents of soil total nitrogen, avail P and rice yield had significant positive correlation. Thereinto, the correlation （r=0.8181^＊） between the rice yield and soil readily oxidizable O.M was higher than the correlation （r=0.8020） between the rice yield and soil organic matter. It showed that the soil readily oxidized organic matter had greater contribution to the rice yield.

关 键 词：长期定位施肥 水稻土 有机质 

分 类 号：S153.621[农业科学—土壤学]