免耕玉米田杂草群落消长初探  

A Study of the Growth and Decline of Weed Communities in No-till Corn Field

作　　者：樊翠芹[1] 王江浩[1] 李秉华[1] 许贤[1] 刘小民[1] 王贵启[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所,石家庄050031

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2014年第27期119-126,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目"农林重要杂草鼠害监控技术研发"(2012BAD19B02)

摘　　要：为了研究＂小麦-玉米＂一年两熟制农田,连续免耕对玉米田杂草群落演替及对玉米产量的影响,进行了田间小区试验,采用倒置＂W＂取样法调查不同耕作方式玉米田杂草种类和数量,用生测法测杂草鲜重,玉米成熟后测产。结果表明：免耕覆盖麦秸和免耕玉米田的杂草种类由12种增加到13种,旋耕玉米田杂草种群构成没有变化,有11种杂草。免耕覆盖麦秸1-5年,其玉米田杂草数量比旋耕田少,6-7年,二者杂草数量差异不大;免耕1-4年,免耕玉米田的杂草数量与旋耕田相比互有消长,从第5年开始免耕田杂草数量一直比旋耕田多;免耕覆盖麦秸的玉米田牛筋草所占比率明显降低,而马唐所占比率呈增加趋势。连续免耕3年后,免耕覆盖和免耕田玉米产量均下降,前者的降低幅度低于后者。免耕覆盖麦秸能减少玉米田杂草发生数量,而随免耕年限的延长抑制效果下降;免耕年限越长玉米田杂草发生越严重。Field experiment was conducted to study effects of continuous no-till on corn field weed community succession and maize yield in wheat-maize double cropping system; weed species and quantity in corn field with different tillage methods were investigated using the method of inverted W-pattern with 9 sampling points; weed fresh weight was weighed using bioassay method and yield was weighed after corn maturity. The results showed that weed species in no-till covering wheat straw and no-till corn field had increased from 12 to 13, and there was no change of weed population constitution in rotary tillage corn field, which had 11 kinds of weeds. The cornfield weed number in No-till field covering wheat straw for 1-5 years was less than that of rotary plow, for 6-7 years, there was little difference between two kinds of farming. Compared with the rotary plow, weed number in No-till corn field for 1-4 years ebb and flow with each other, weed number had been more than that of rotary plow from the 5＇8 year. No-till covering wheat straw significantly reduced proportion of Eleusine indica, while the proportion of Digitaria sanguinalis increased. Maize yield decreased after No-till for 3 consecutive years, yield decreased slower in no-till field covering wheat straw than that in No-till field. No- till covering wheat straw could reduce the amount of corn field weed, and the inhibition effect declined with the extension of no-till time. The longer of the no-till time of corn field, the more serious of weed.

关 键 词：免耕 旋耕 玉米 杂草 产量 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]