海底天然气水合物储层性质及其开发的风险因素探讨  

Analysis on The Quality of Seafloor Hydrate-bearing Sediments and Discussions on the Risk Factors during Exploitation

作　　者：关进安[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院可再生能源重点实验室,中国科学院广州能源研究所,广东广州510640

出　　处：《地球科学期刊（中英文版）》2014年第3期146-155,共10页Scientific Journal of Earth Science

基　　金：基金项目：受国家自然科学基金（41374149,51106163）、国家海洋地质专项项目（GHz2012006003）和中国科学院重点部署项目（KGZD-EW-301）联合资助

摘　　要：海底天然气水合物储层由于分布很广且资源潜力巨大而被视为未来高清洁能源，开发利用这种非常规油气藏是当前各国政府机构、工业界和科研机构的热点问题，然而，开发这种海底水合物资源也存在着巨大的风险，必须仔细分析。由于海底水合物的不稳定特性，当周围热力学环境改变时水合物分解会导致一系列相关的海底地质灾害问题，这样必须首先明确海底水合物储层的产状和聚集状态，接着在此分析基础之上阐述了开采海底水合物易导致的三个灾害类型：水合物分解与海底滑坡、水合物分解对钻井设施的破坏及水合物分解导致的周围环境改变等，最后对影响水合物储层开发的风险类型如热力学环境、区域地质构造、聚集产状和技术风险等进行了简要探讨，并提出了相应的9个关键影响参数，为未来工业化生产提供了参考。Owing to the wide distribution and huge resource potential the submarine gas hydrate reservoirs have been deemed to be a kind of hopeful clean energy in the future. At present how to develop and exploit this sort of unconventional oil and gas reservoir is the hot issues for government agencies, industry and relevant research institutions all over the world. However, the utility of such undersea hydrate resources is so danger that it shall be analyzed carefully first. Gas hydrate is an unstable substance. When around thermodynamic environment changes in the seafloor sediments gas hydrate will dissociate easily and then lead to a series of related seabed geological disasters. Thus it must clarify the occurrences and aggregations of submarine hydrate-bearing sediments primarily. Based on the above analysis three types of marine geological hazards which incline to happen because of the hydrates decomposition during the exploitation on undersea hydrate-bearing sediments have been pointed out： submarine landslides, the damage on drilling facilities, and the change of ambient circumstances. Finally, the risk types influencing the exploitation of seafloor hydrate reservoirs, such as thermodynamic environments, regional tectonics, gathered occurrences and recovery technologies etc., have been discussed. Nine key risk factors during the flow of the exploitation have also been put forward. All these provide a reference for future industrial production.

关 键 词：天然气水合物 含水合物沉积层 开发 海底地质灾害 风险因素 

分 类 号：P618.13[天文地球—矿床学]