海洋战略视野下的苏联海权兴衰研究  

A Study on Rise and Fall of the Sea-Power of Soviet Union in the Perspective of Maritime Strategy

作　　者：高云[1,2] 方晓志[3,1] 

机构地区：[1]军事科学院 [2]武汉大学国家领土主权与海洋权益协同创新中心 [3]解放军国际关系学院国际战略研究室

出　　处：《东北亚论坛》2014年第6期58-70,125-126,共13页Northeast Asia Forum

基　　金：中国海洋发展研究中心2011年重点项目(AOCZDZ201101-2);军队2110工程重点学科建设项目;上海市哲学社会科学规划课题(2012BZZ004)

摘　　要：苏联是一个传统的陆权国家。基于对国际形势、时代主题以及自身安全威胁的思考,苏联着手发展海军力量;而随着海军实力的发展,苏联又逐步由被动防御走向主动防御,海洋战略也从近海防御转向远洋进攻;在进攻性海洋战略的牵引下,苏联又进一步加强远洋海军的建设,同美国在全世界进行角逐,缓解苏联本土战略压力,强化了苏联的国家安全。以强大的海上武装力量为核心的苏联海权由于缺乏经济动力的支撑后劲不足,且消耗了大量的宝贵资源而得不到补偿,使其本身成为纯粹的消费者,一旦国力衰落,其衰落就变得不可避免。作为一个以建设海洋强国为目标的大国,中国很有必要吸取苏联的经验教训,建设与国力和国家战略目标相匹配的海权。As a traditional land power country,the Soviet Union started its development of navy force based on reflections on international situations,epoch subjects,and security threats. Along with the development of navy force,the Soviet Union again embarked on active defense gradually from passive defense and changed its ocean strategy from offshore defense to high sea attack. Driven by its offensive ocean strategy,the Soviet Union further reinforced its high-sea naval constructions and competed with the United States all over the world to both release strategic pressures on its mainland and consolidate its national security. However,due to lack of insufficient economic support and failure to supplement large quantity of precious consumed resources,the sea power of Soviet Union with strong navy force became a pure consumer and destined to decline if its national strength was weakened. As a great power aiming to be a sea power,China should learn lessons of the Soviet Union and construct the sea power consistent with its national power and national strategy goals.

关 键 词：苏联 海权 海洋战略 国家安全 近海防御 远洋进攻 

分 类 号：D851.231[政治法律—政治学]