西南中山地区玄参生长发育规律的研究  

Growth and developmental rhythm of Scrophularia ningpoensisin southwest middle mountain area of China

作　　者：张雪[1] 陈大霞[1] 李隆云[1] 杨宪[2] 宋旭红[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆市中药研究院中药种植研究所重庆市中药良种选育与评价工程技术研究中心重庆市中药资源学重点实验室,重庆400065 [2]重庆师范大学生命科学学院,重庆401331

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2014年第20期3915-3921,共7页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAI13B02-2);重庆市卫生和计生委中医药科技项目(ZY201402132);重庆市基础与前沿研究计划项目(CSTC;2013jcyj A10126);重庆市科委重大科技攻关项目(CSTC;2009AA5052)

摘　　要：通过田间试验，对西南中山地区玄参不同生长期进行动态采样调查。根据玄参各器官生长变化及干物质积累特点，将玄参的个体发育分为4个时期，即苗期、茎叶生长期、块根膨大期和块根充实期。玄参一生共形成叶片约370片（主茎叶50片左右）。茎叶生长期的叶面积增长速度最快，平均日增量为225 cm^2，8月中旬叶面积达到16 270 cm^2/株。整个生育期内叶面积系数随着茎叶的生长直线上升，茎叶生长期和块根膨大期维持在8以上，块根充实期迅速降低至0。叶面积比率总体呈降低的趋势。净同化率的变化幅度较窄，一般为1～3 g·m^-2·d^-1，分别在苗期和块根充实期出现了2个小高峰。比叶面积值苗期较高，生长中期有所下降。相对生长率值变化幅度较大，苗期最高，茎叶生长期迅速降低，块根膨大期有所升高，块根充实期下降，甚至出现负值。作物生长率茎叶生长期至块根充实期前期相对较高，苗期和块根膨大期后期较低。干物质积累规律为苗期慢，茎叶生长期和块根膨大期快，块根充实期减慢，略微降低，整个过程呈S曲线。生长中心由茎叶逐渐转移至块根。准确掌握玄参生长发育时期、干物质积累特点及其生长参数的变化规律，可为生产中制定合理的栽培管理技术措施提供依据。Plant samples were collected and investigated periodically. According to the growth of different parts and the characteristics of dry substance accumulation of Scrophularia ningpoensis, the development of S.ningpoensis could be divided into four stages： seeding stage, stem and leaf growth stage, expanding period of root tubers, and dry substance accumulation stage of root tuber. Leaf numbers of S.ningpoensisgrew gradually from one at first to 370 at the final stage, main stem leaf were 50 pieces. Leaf size increasesed with the fastest growth at the stem and leaf growth stage, average daily increase amount was 225 cm^2. By the middle of August, leaf size reached to 16 270 cm^2. Leaf area indexrose sharply in the seeding stage, and remained above 8 among stem and leaf growth stage and expanding period of root tubers, and rapidly reduced to zero in the stage of dry substance accumulation of root tuber. Leaf area ratio has a tendency of obvious dropping. The net assimilation rate had a small change ranges, two small peak were seeding stage and dry substance accumulation of root tuber. The value of specific leaf area was higher in seeding stage, and in the earlier stage of dry substance accumulation of root tuber. Relative growth rate changed with large ranges, higher in seeding stage, rapid decrease in stem and leaf growth stage, rose in expanding period of root tubers, and declined again in the stage of dry substance accumulation of root tuber. Crop growth rate was higher in the first and last stages, and smaller in interim stage. The growth parameters of S.ningpoensis such as relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, leaf area index, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, crop growth rate changed along with the growth. The rule of dry matter accumulation was as follows： the dry matter increased slowly during the seeding stage and speeded up in the middle and late stages, and in dry substance accumulation of root tuber increased slower, the growth of dry matter all appeared an ＂S＂ curve, and accorded with l

关 键 词：玄参 生育时期 生长参数 干物质积累 

分 类 号：S567.53[农业科学—中草药栽培]