贸易自由化、异质性企业与全要素生产率——基于我国制造业企业层面的实证研究  

Trade Liberalization,Heterogeneous Firms and Total Factor Productivity:Evidence From Chinese Manufacturing Firms

作　　者：汤毅[1] 尹翔硕[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学经济学院

出　　处：《财贸经济》2014年第11期79-88,共10页Finance & Trade Economics

摘　　要：本文通过使用1998—2007年中国制造业企业层面的大型面板数据,研究了贸易自由化对企业全要素生产率的影响。本文将贸易自由化分为最终品进口关税的减免和中间投入品关税的减免,同时采用半参数估计方法测算企业的全要素生产率,以克服联立性和样本选择问题。实证研究结果表明,贸易自由化能够显著促进企业全要素生产率的提升,这是两种效应的综合结果,即最终品进口关税的减免的"正向效应"和中间投入品关税的减免的"负向效应"。在区分企业出口状态、企业所有制类型和企业规模大小之后,研究结果显示,贸易自由化会对不同企业的全要素生产率产生不同的影响。在关税减免的情况下,非出口企业从贸易自由化中的受益要大于出口企业,私营企业的全要素生产率提升最大,其次是外资企业和港澳台资企业,而国有企业的生产率反而会降低。Using large firm-level panel data from 1998 to 2007, this paper examines the impact of trade liberalization on the total factor productivity of Chinese manufacturing firms. This paper divides the effect of trade liberalization into tariff reduction of final products and intermediate input products, and uses the semi-parametric estimator to calculate the TFP in order to overcome simultaneity bias and sample selection bias. The results indicate that trade liberalization can significantly promote the TFP of Chinese manufacturing firms. This is a comprehensive result of two effects, ＂positive effect＂ caused by tariff reduction of final products and ＂ negative effect＂ caused by tariff reduction of intermediate input products. Considering the firm＇s exporting status, ownership and size, the results show that trade liberalization can make different impacts on different types of firms. In the condition of tariff reduction, non-exporter may benefit more than the exporter, and the private firms enjoy the most increase of TFP, followed by foreign-invested firms and enterprises funded by Chinese Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, but the state-owned firms＇ productivity will decrease.

关 键 词：贸易自由化 全要素生产率 半参数估计 异质性企业 

分 类 号：F752[经济管理—国际贸易] F425[经济管理—产业经济]