我国夏季奥运会优秀运动员成才过程的项群特征研究  

Study on the Event Group Characteristics of the Course of Chinese Excellent Olympic Athletes Becoming Elitist

作　　者：李士建[1] 

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学体育科学学院,山东曲阜273165

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2014年第6期12-18,共7页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：山东省社会科学规划项目(12CTYJ11);曲阜师范大学体育人文社会学"泰山学者"建设工程专项经费资助

摘　　要：通过对我国在第27～30届夏季奥运会334名获得奖牌运动员的成才过程进行分析,研究我国奥运会优秀运动员成才规律的项群特征。从时间变化特征来看,我国奥运会优秀参赛运动员的成才年龄普遍提前,男子业余训练年限、女子体能类项目地方队训练年限、技能类项目国家队奥运前训练阶段年限显著延长。从时间结构特征来看可分为两类,类型一包括表现难美性项群等项目项群,表现为运动员成才历时较长,各阶段比例相对均衡;类型二包括同场对抗性项群等项目项群,表现为运动员成才历时较短,各阶段比例呈上升态势。从转项特征来看,总体转项成才率为21.1%,且女子项目高于男子;转项成才的主要方式为大类间转项和同群间转项,其中,大类间转项的曾训项目多为田径、游泳等体能主导类项目。Based on the analysis of the course of 334 athletes becoming elitist who won medals in the 27th-30 th summer Olympic Games,this paper reaches the event group characteristics for our Chinese excellent athletes to become elitist.From the perspective of time change characteristic,the ages for our Chinese excellent athletes to become elitist have generally become lower,and the number of the years of men＇s amateur training,the number of the training years of a local team as regards women＇s physical ability sports events and the number of the training years before Olympic Games of a national team as regards skill events in sports have been significantly extended.From the perspective of time structure characteristic,two categories are proposed：category 1comprises event groups including events like those with difficult and beautiful skills and the category is characterized by a long period of time for athletes to become elitist and a relative balanced proportion of each stage;category 2comprises event groups including events like those of antagonism on the same ground and the category is characterized by a short period of time for athletes to become elitist and an increasing tendency of the proportion of each stage.From the perspective of event transference characteristic,the whole ratio of transferring events and becoming elitist is 21.1% and women＇s events are higher than men＇s.Major means of transferring events and becoming elitist are a transference between broad categories and one within the same group,and in terms of a transference between broad categories,the events used to be trained in are mainly physical ability dominated events such as track and field events,swimming event and so on.

关 键 词：优秀运动员 奥运会 项群 成才 中国 

分 类 号：G808[文化科学—体育训练]