基于LifeMod对跳马运动员推手动作动力学的仿真研究  

A Simulation Study of the Dynamics of Push-off Technique in Gymnastics Vaulting Based on LifeMod

作　　者：李旭鸿 郝卫亚[2] 吴成亮[3] 肖晓飞[4] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省体育科学研究所,浙江杭州310004 [2]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061 [3]重庆三峡学院,重庆404100 [4]上海体育学院运动科学学院,上海200438

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2014年第6期53-58,共6页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(10972062);国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费(13-02);浙江省国民体质与健康技术研究重点实验室开放性项目(2011F10052-09);浙江省属科研院所扶持专项计划项目(2012F20047)

摘　　要：基于LifeMod建立体操运动员个性化人体模型和跳桌,其中,人体模型包括19个环节和50个自由度。通过仿真和实际运动之间的运动学和动力学参数比较,完成体操运动员-跳桌系统模型的可行性验证,随后量化推手过程人体上肢承受的内、外冲击负荷,并对跳桌的力学特性展开仿真研究。结果表明,基于LifeMod建立的人-器械系统模型具有较好的重复性和可靠性,优秀女子体操运动员在完成冢原直体后空翻转体720°的技术动作时,左、右手受到的撑马反作用力峰值分别为1.37BW和1.40BW,且推手过程中上肢的腕、肘和肩关节反作用力峰值依次减小,同时肩关节左侧的屈力矩和右侧的伸力矩起主导作用。无论跳桌的刚度如何变化,推手过程左侧肘关节到达关节反作用力峰值的时间最短且关节负载率最大。另外,增大跳桌的阻尼系数虽能减小外载负荷,却导致左侧上肢的内载负荷明显增大。A subject-specific model with 19 segments and 50 DOF of a gymnast,and of gymnastic vault table was developed based on LifeMod in this study.To verify the reliability of the model,kinematic and kinetic data between actual performance and the simulation were compared.Then computer simulation was also performed to quantify the internal and external loads in upper limbs during table push-off phase,and further to investigate the effects of mechanical characteristics of vault table on loads upon the upper limbs.The results indicated that the system model was valid.Simulation of a vault routine,Tsukahara Stretched with 2/1Turn（720°）off performed by an elite female gymnast,showed that the peak table reaction force（TRF）in the left and right hand were about 1.37 BW and 1.40 BW.During the table contact phase,the peak joint reaction force（JRF）in wrist,elbow and shoulder were reduced gradually,and the torque of shoulder flex played dominant role in left limb and that of shoulder extend did the same in right limb.During the table contact phase,the time to reach the peak JRF in left elbow was always the shortest and the loading rate was the greatest,no matter what change of the table stiffness.Meanwhile,increasing table damping would reduce external load,but it will cause obvious increment of internal load in the left arm.

关 键 词：多体动力学模型 体操运动员 计算机仿真 

分 类 号：G832.2[文化科学—体育训练]