我国某地区居住环境空气B(a)P致肺癌的健康风险评价  

Health Risk Assessment of Lung Cancer Induced by B(a)P from Living Environment in an Area of China

作　　者：王进军[1] 武晓燕[1] 古晓娜[1] 林海鹏[1] 杨雪[1] 马跃峰[1] 战景明[1] 刘占旗[1] 常学奇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国辐射防护研究院,国家环境保护环境与健康重点实验室,山西030006

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2014年第10期803-805,共3页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划重点项目(编号:2007BAC16 B07)

摘　　要：[目的]通过对我国大陆某地居民的健康调查和室内、外空气中苯并(a)芘[B(a)P]的监测,定量评估以B(a)P为代表的多环芳烃类(PAHs)污染物致人群肺癌危险度。[方法]将以燃煤做饭、采暖的L镇作为暴露组,以作物秸秆等为燃料做饭、采暖的R镇为对照组。对调查区农户进行室内、外空气样本采集,检测空气中B(a)P浓度,用流行病学方法调查该地区居民健康情况,按照美国环保局(USEPA)建议的健康风险评价步骤和方法,对以B(a)P为代表的多环芳烃类污染物致居民肺癌高发现象进行健康风险评价。[结果]调查地区B(a)P致肺癌的致癌强度系数为22.5,该地区暴露组L镇居民及对照组R镇居民日均暴露剂量分别为1.557×10-5 mg/(kg·d)及0.71×10-5 mg/(kg·d),人群肺癌终生超额危险度分别为3.50×10-4及1.60×10-4。[结论]参照USEPA的判定标准,苯并(a)芘引发肺癌的健康风险可接受,但仍需引起注意。[Objective] To quantitatively evaluate the health risk of lung cancer induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） with benzo（a）pyrene [B（a）P] as a representative marker through a health questionnaire survey among residents and indoor and outdoor monitoring of ambient B（a）P in an area of China. [Methods] L town where coal was used for cooking and heating was selected as the exposure group, and R town where firewood was used was selected as the control group. Indoor and outdoor air was sampled to evaluate ambient B（a）P concentration. The health status of the residents was investigated by environmental epidemiological approaches. According to the procedures and methods recommended by the U.S. Environment Protection Agency（USEPA）, a health risk assessment was performed to assess the lung cancer risk of PAHs represented by B（a）P to local residents. [Results] The lung cancer slope factor for B（a）P in the investigated area was 22.5. The daily exposure doses of the residents from L town（exposure） and R town（control） were 1.557×10^-5 mg/（kg·d） and 0.71×10^-5 mg/（kg·d） respectively. The lifetime excess risks of lung cancer were 3.50×10^-4 and 1.60×10^-4 respectively. [Conclusion] According to the USEPA standards, the estimated lung cancer risk is acceptable, but suggesting more attention is needed.

关 键 词：环境空气 苯并(A)芘 肺癌 预期寿命 健康风险评价 

分 类 号：R127[医药卫生—环境卫生学]