多匝道城市公路隧道火灾应急救援方案研究  

Researches on emergency rescue plan of fire in multi-ramp urban road tunnel

作　　者：高君鹏[1] 潘一平[2] 徐志胜[1] 张冰[1] 刘央央[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学防灾科学与安全技术研究所,湖南长沙410075 [2]湖南省公安消防总队,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《中国安全生产科学技术》2014年第9期119-124,共6页Journal of Safety Science and Technology

摘　　要：为研究多匝道城市公路隧道内火灾场景下的应急疏散、救援准则以及具体方案,以长沙某城市公路隧道为背景,首先通过对该隧道内的火灾产生机理、特性等主要因素进行研究,确定通道内不同事故类型下的火灾规模;再通过专业的CFD数值计算模型研究不同火灾规模下隧道内的烟雾分布特性及规律;其次依据研究成果制定隧道内各类火灾事故下的通风控制方案;最后制定出隧道内合理烟气控制方案下隧道各个区段人员、社会车辆及救援车辆的疏散救援方案。研究得出多匝道城市公路隧道内小型火灾场景下,烟气能够控制在火灾与火灾下游排烟井范围内;大型火灾场景下利用双排烟井进行排烟时,烟气能够控制在两个排烟井范围内;未受烟气影响的区域内可以正常交通。An urban road tunnel in Changsha was chosen as example to study the emergency evacuation, rescue principle and specific plan in case of fire in a multi-ramp urban road tunnel. Firstly, the fire scales in different fire scene were drawn by the study on the mechanism and characteristics of fire. Secondly, the distribution characteristics and laws of smoke in different fire scales were studied by CFD simulation. Thirdly, the ventilation control schemes in different fire scenes of tunnel were drawn up. Finally, the evacuation rescue plan for human, public ve- hicles and rescue vehicles in each sections of tunnel under reasonable smoke control plan was put forward. It showed that smoke could be controlled between the location of fire and the shaft in the downstream of fire in case of small fire scenarios in the multi-ramp urban road tunnel. When using two smoke shafts to exhaust in large fire scenarios in the multi-ramp urban road tunnel, the smoke could be controlled between the shafts. The normal traffic could be achieved in the areas without influence by the smoke.

关 键 词：多匝道 城市公路隧道 火灾规模 应急救援方案 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]