城市公共设施公平评价:物理可达性与时空可达性测度方法的比较  

Comparison of Physical Accessibility and Space-time Accessibility Measures in the Equity of Urban Public Facilities

作　　者：江海燕[1,2] 朱雪梅[1,2] 吴玲玲[1,2] 张家睿[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东工业大学建筑与城市规划学院 [2]华南理工大学亚热带建筑科学国家重点实验室

出　　处：《国际城市规划》2014年第5期70-75,共6页Urban Planning International

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学青年基金(10YJC840036);华南理工大学亚热带建筑科学国家重点实验室基金(2011KB08)联合资助

摘　　要：弄清可达性测度方法对公共设施公平研究具有重要意义。本文系统地比较了物理可达性与时空可达性两大类测度方法,前者是基于地方的、考察设施与个体日常生活位置之间的物质空间邻近度方法,受距离、交通方式或设施数量、质量影响,主要用于1970—1990年代的空间公平研究。后者是基于人的、考察个体使用设施机会的大小,受时间、空间、机动能力、偏好(NUM、NUMD、DUR)及设施质量(BAGG)等影响,主要用于21世纪以来偏重个体差异的社会公平研究。不同测度方法对公平问题的解释内容和机制不同,NUM、DUR、BAGG更适于质量异质的设施(如公园、学校、医院等),而NUMD适于质量均质的设施(如办公部门、消防站、邮局等)。最后以基本可达性方法为基础,介绍4种典型的综合公平分析模型在公共设施公平研究中的应用。Accessibility is the widest measuring tool in the equity of urban public facilities research. It＇s very important to understand what factors affect those accessibility measures and what methods they rely on, The article compares the basic principles and indicators of the various accessibility measures. The measures of Physical Accessibility are place-based and indicate the physical spatial proximity, influenced by the distance （DMIN）, the transport mode （TMIN）, the number （NUM） or quality of facilities （GRAV）. Those methods were mainly used in the spatial equity during 1970s-1990s. The measures of Space-time Accessibility are people-based and indicate the feasible opportunities, influenced by the limit of time, space, motility, behavior, preference （NUM, NUMD, DUR） and quality of facilities （BAGG）. Those methods are mainly used in the social equity since 2000s.The different measures have different contents in explaining equity. Those measures such as NUM （DUR） BAGG are proper to the quality heterogeneity facilities and NUMD is the quality homogeny facilities. At last, the article indicates the applicability for the equity analysis based on four types of equity models.

关 键 词：城市公共设施 公平 物理可达性 时空可达性 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]