高层建筑房间利用竖井进行烟气控制的试验研究  

On smoke control by using the shaft in highrise buildings

作　　者：李健[1] 李元洲[1] 毛少华[1] 匡萃芃[1] 李成龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室,合肥230026

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2014年第5期102-106,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

摘　　要：利用高层建筑本身高度设置与房间相连的竖井,热烟气在浮力驱动下进入竖井产生烟囱效应,使房间内产生负压,通过自然补风可以有效抑制烟气溢出补风口,将烟气控制在着火房间内部。通过全尺寸试验,验证了高层建筑利用竖井进行烟气控制的可行性。基于烟囱效应理论得到竖井控烟的临界条件,结合排烟速度、补风速度、补风温度、室内温度以及CO体积分数等试验数据,分析了火源功率、补风口、排烟口面积对负压烟气控制效果的影响。结果表明,在一定火源功率条件下,排烟口与补风口的设置对室内温度变化影响较小,存在合理的竖井排烟口与补风口设置范围,可以达到烟气控制的效果。The paper intends to present our experimental study on the smoke control by using the shaft in high-rise buildings. As is known, since smoke fire disasters are generally regarded as the dominant disasters leading to the human casualty and material loss, more research focus has been turned on to tracing the likely factors that can account for fire accidents. However, for the case of high-rise building fires, the vertical shafts turn to be found one of the major places leading to the rapid spread of high-rise fires. Since the smoke exhaust system has been mainly arranged in the stairwell, the atrium and other public places, once a fire takes place in the buildings, hot smoke would be naturally driven to the shaft due to the buoyancy, causing a negative pressure in the rooms. The natural air-supply may in turn prevent strenuously the smoke gas overflowing from the vent and confine the smoke gas within the rooms. To trace the real gas-and-smoke spreading process, we have done a series of experiments in a full-scale model to identity the feasibility of our smoke control model by using the shaft in such buildings. Based on the theory of stack effect and Bernoulli equation, we have created the critical condition of smoke control with the shaft in such buildings. The input parameters of such critical conditions can literally be stated as follows： the area of the smoke exhaust vent, the air supply vent, the transmissibility coefficient of the smoke exhaust vent, the height of the air supply vent, the height of the shaft, the fire source power, etc. In proceeding with our study, we have conducted the above theoretical analysis for tracing the influence of the fire source power, the air supply and the smoke exhaust on the smoke control by using the shaft, along with the aid of the experimental data, including the velocity of the smoke exhaust and the temperature of the air supply, the temperature at different heights in the room as well as the carbon monoxide concentrations. The results of our study prove that the tempera

关 键 词：安全工程 竖井 负压 补风 烟气控制 高层建筑 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TU247.2[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]