稀土开发导致的环境问题及土壤稀土污染治理措施初探  

Eco-environmental contaminations caused by the rare earth mining and the related controlling measures

作　　者：郭伟[1] 付瑞英[1,2] 赵仁鑫[1] 赵文静[1] 郭江源[1] 毕娜[1] 张君[3] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学环境与资源学院,呼和浩特010021 [2]阿拉善盟左旗超格图呼热苏木政府,内蒙古阿拉善左旗750313 [3]内蒙古大学化学化工学院,呼和浩特010021

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2014年第5期245-251,共7页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40861018;31200421);内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2012MS0603);教育部科学技术研究重点项目(210032);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(20100471489);国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAC02B03)

摘　　要：阐述了稀土资源开发过程对土壤、水体、大气、自然景观、人体及动植物体健康的可能影响,概括介绍了土壤稀土污染治理的物理修复法、化学修复法和生物修复法,比较了上述3种方法的优缺点,对以菌根修复技术为代表的微生物-植物土壤污染联合修复技术进行了重点介绍,探讨了菌根修复技术对植物吸收稀土元素的潜在影响及机制,并提出了菌根修复技术在土壤稀土污染修复中的应用前景和研究方向。The paper is inclined to introduce our analysis of eco-environmental contaminations caused by the rare earth exploitation and the related measures for controlling the pollutions due to the rare earth mining. As is well known, rare earth has been widely applied in the fields of national defense and military industry for its excellent magnetic, optical and electric properties. They are also used in the agricultural production for its various bio-physiological effects and eco-environmental benefits. Due to the said excellent properties, an increasingly greater demand has ever been found for rare carth resources in recent years. Luckily enough, China is rich in it and owns 36 million tons of its reserve, which has now made it Number One rare earth supplier in the world. However, while the exploitation of the rare earth resource has benefited China to a certain extent in the past few years, it has also brought about problems in its massive exploitation and utilization, such as air pollution, water and soil degradation, destruction of natural landscape：, and a wide variety of human diseases. So far as we know, such eco-environmental consequences and healththreatening problems tend to be ever increasingly worsening, bringing about serious negative impacts on the safety of hunan health and grain production. Thus, there has been an urgent need to resolve the problem of the soil contamination due to its exploitation and the related businesses. It is coming from this need that we would like to introduce some available against the serious pollution in this way, particularly the microorganism-plant joint restoration techniques, which prove to be low in cost, high in efficiency and free of secondary pollution. Such are represented by mycor- rhiza bioremediation techniques, which are widely used for restoration of the contaminated soils. For example, arbuscular mycorrhiza enjoys a great potentiality to enhance the soil fertility, improve the soil structure and promote its biological activities. In addition, it can also contri

关 键 词：环境学 丛枝菌根真菌 稀土资源开发 生态环境问题 生物修复 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]