城区水源地污染风险评估方法及实例研究  

Environmental risk assessment for the urban drinking water sources:methodology and case study

作　　者：王越兴 尹魁浩 林高松 彭盛华 

机构地区：[1]国家环境保护饮用水水源地管理技术重点实验室,深圳市饮用水水源地安全保障重点实验室,深圳市环境科学研究院,广东深圳518001

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2014年第5期316-320,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2009ZX07423-001)

摘　　要：为评估水源地各类风险源对水源水质的潜在影响,构建了以压力-状态-响应模型为框架、基于GIS的水源地风险评估方法。该方法以风险源特征、生态、健康及环境影响因子和污染控制为指标,定量确定其计算方法,对指标值标准化后根据其权重求和,最终获得风险源风险值。以深圳水库固定风险源、交通风险源和沙湾河泄洪风险为例进行了风险评估。结果表明,交通风险及沙湾河泄洪风险较大,固定源风险较小。实例评估表明该方法切实可行。The present paper aims at introducing our research results on building an environmental risk assessment for the urban drinking water source titled as methodology and case study. To assess the potential impact of the environmental risks hidden in the drinking water source watershed on the water quality, we have established an environmental risk assessment model for the GIS-based urban water source. The model has been founded on the Pressure-State-Response framework. In addition to the model itself, we have also proposed the corresponding calculation methods of the above said indexes quantita- tively and the index weights to be determined v/a the Analytic Hierar- chy Process. Once the index values were standardized by their maxi- mum and minimum values after calculation, it would be possible for the risk value （Rj） of the pollution source to be worked out by the sum of the products of the ten indexes and their corresponding weights. According to Rj, the environmental risks can be divided into three levels： Rj ≤ 2, the risk factors belong to Level I, indicating that the indexes are needed for the regular supervision ; 2 〈 Rj ≤ 5, which refers to the risk that belongs to Level [I , indicating that the supervision over it should be enhanced; 5 〈 Rj ≤ 10, refers to the risk belonging to Level Ⅲ , indicating that the risk should be supervised by using some specific analytical means. Then the said method can be applied to examine the environmental risks in Shenzhen Reservoir Watershed, the sphere of supervision can be divided into three categories, i.e. the risks in the fixed sources, those with transportation, and those with flood drainage. The assessment results show that the risks of fixed sources belongs to Level I, those on transportation and Shawan River flood drainage belong to Level Ⅱ . From the assessment results, it shows that this given method is suitable for assessing such kinds of environmental risks, since it can provide reservoir water intake pollution time, the corresponding pollutant

关 键 词：环境学 风险评估方法 水源地 交通风险 泄洪风险 

分 类 号：X913.1[环境科学与工程—安全科学]