长空气间隙放电研究的挑战与进展  

Challenges and Achievement in Long Air Gap Discharge Research

作　　者：曾嵘[1] 庄池杰[1] 余占清[1] 陈赦[1] 李志钊[1] 陈维江[2] 

机构地区：[1]电力系统及发电设备仿真与控制国家重点实验室,清华大学电机系,北京100084 [2]国家电网公司,北京100031

出　　处：《高电压技术》2014年第10期2945-2955,共11页High Voltage Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2011CB209403);国家自然科学杰出青年基金(51325703);国家自然科学基金(51207078)~~

摘　　要：开展空气间隙放电的理论研究,是支撑我国特高压工程建设、提升电力系统雷击防护水平的现实需求。通过分析特高压下长空气间隙放电的工程需求,以及雷电绕击输电线路的先导发展模型、电气几何模型所面临的理论困境,归纳了当前长空气间隙研究所面临的主要挑战——物理模型的内在复杂性、测试手段的局限性及数值求解方法的不确定性。同时,基于过去30多年测量、计算方法的长足进步,指出目前我国开展长空气间隙放电研究的重大机遇。另外,还简要总结了国内外长空气间隙放电研究的发展历程及流注先导模型在不同历史时期的典型成果,详细介绍了清华大学在973项目的支持下,在长空气间隙放电的微观机理与宏观过程研究方面的最新进展,并对未来的研究方向与目标做了初步展望,包括:1)明晰不同尺度流注起始及发展的规律;2)更深入认识流注转化为先导的规律及机理;3)清晰描述先导的发展过程特征参数;4)建立更完备的长空气间隙击穿模型,能够更准确地预测长空气间隙的放电特性;5)建立更科学的雷击闪络先导发展模型及雷击闪络风险评估方法;6)提出工程实用的更优化的长空气间隙结构。It is necessary to theoretically research long air-gap discharge so as to support the UHV project constructions inChina and the lighting shielding failure evaluation. After analyzing the needs of UHV engineering for long air-gap dis-charges and the complex theoretical puzzles in the electrogeometry models and the lightning propagation models, wesummarized some main challenges in current long air-gap discharge researches, namely, the complexity of physical mod-els, the limitation of measuring methods, and the uncertainty of numerical simulations. Meanwhile, on the basis of thegreat progress in measuring method and scientific computing in last several decades, we also pointed out some opportuni-ties in the researches. Moreover, we briefly summarized the progress of long air-gap discharge research worldwide andthe typical research results of long gap and streamer discharges in different periods, and gave an introduction to the recentdevelopment gained by Tsinghua University in the macro characteristics and micro mechanisms of air gap discharge. Inthe end, we presented some remarks for the future studies, including 1） determining the initiation and progression ofstreamers of different scales, 2） further understanding the progress of streamers transiting into leaders, 3） defining and de-riving the characteristic parameters of developing leader, 4） establishing comprehensive models of long air-gap dischargefor accurately predicting the discharges＇ features, 5） developing reasonable propagation models of lighting strike leadersand reliable risk assessment methods of lightning fiashover, and 6） finding optimized structures of long air gap for engi-neering applications.

关 键 词：长空气间隙放电 流注 先导 流注起始特性 雷电上行先导 放电过程观测 放电过程数值仿真 

分 类 号：TM723[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]