明清江南士绅研究疏论  

A Preliminary Review and Evaluation of Study on the Gentry Class of Jiangnan during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：冯贤亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史系

出　　处：《中国高校社会科学》2014年第6期85-96,154-155,共12页Social Sciences in Chinese Higher Education Institutions

基　　金：教育部"新世纪优秀人才支持计划"项目(2011年度);教育部人文社会科学研究基金项目"清代江南的州县行政与社会控制研究"(09YJC770005)阶段性成果

摘　　要：明清士绅对中国社会的影响及评价,海内外学界已有极为丰富的研究成果。但如果从还原历史情境、准确评判士绅角色而言,在众多研究中还存在含糊笼统的陈述。二十世纪四十年代以来,中日学者从各自的理论预设或实证研究出发,已涉及这些问题,却未形成系统的论述。后来学者的地方史研究涉及概念界定、士绅分层、区域差别等问题,既开发出大量史料,也提出引起海内外学者对话的新议题,有助于进一步认知明清时代士绅身份、社会影响甚至王朝统治的关键问题。其中很多研究关涉中国最重要的地域之一江南。参诸历史文献,对其学术研究史作一初步梳理与探讨,既可以呈现出王朝统治与地方社会控制之复杂性,也可能推求寻绎出研究的新趋向。There are plentiful findings achieved by the academic circles from home and abroad about the impacts and evaluation of the gentry class of the Ming and Qing Dynasties on Chinese society.However, in terms of restoring historical contexts and precisely judging the role of the Gentry,there still are ambiguous narratives among these studies. Since the 1940 s, Chinese and Japanese researchers have begun discussing these problems by using their respective theoretical presuppositions or empirical studies but failed to form a systematic statement. Later, the studies of local history done by subsequent researchers refer to concept definition, hierarchy of the Gentry, regional differences, etc. These studies have not only explored a great amount of historical materials but also raised new issues attracting researchers from home and abroad to discuss deeply, which are conducive to key problems including recognition of gentry identities in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, social influence and even imperil control. A large portion of these studies are related to Jiangnan,one of the most important regions in China. Referring to relative historical materials, initial collation and discussion about its history of academic studies preliminarily are considered to present the complexity of dynasty governance and local control, as well as probably discover new trend of research.

关 键 词：明清 江南 士绅 地方社会 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]