辽西大黑山生态修复区土地利用格局变化及驱动力  

Changes of Land Use and Its Driving Forces of the Ecological Restoration Area in Dahei Mountain in the West of Liaoning Province

作　　者：郑云龙[1] 高鹏[1] 张立勇[1] 王兵[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学林学院/国家林业局泰山森林生态站/山东省土壤侵蚀与生态修复重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,北京100091

出　　处：《山地学报》2014年第6期691-697,共7页Mountain Research

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2011CB403201);世界银行贷款山东生态造林项目"山东生态造林项目生态效益监测与评估"(SEAP-JC-2)资助~~

摘　　要：生态修复区土地利用与覆盖变化是区域环境变化研究的重要内容,可为水土保持生态修复措施的调控及效益定量评价提供依据。以辽西大黑山生态修复区2000年、2005年和2010年的Landsat TM遥感影像为基础数据,基于Erdas Imagine遥感软件和ArcGIS技术平台,利用土地利用动态度、土地利用程度综合指数和转移矩阵等指标,对研究区土地利用格局的动态变化进行了定量分析,并探讨了其变化的驱动力因素。结果表明:1.10 a间,耕地保持面积最大,其次是林地和草地;耕地和未利用土地占总面积比例分别减少了28.43%和44.32%,林地、草地、城镇村及工矿交通、水域及水利设施用地占总面积比例分别增加了83.68%、10.75%、21.07%和162.74%。2.2000—2005年,林地的土地利用变化幅度最大,为12.42%,其次为未利用土地和草地;2005—2010年,水域及水利设施用地的土地利用变化幅度最大,为24.82%,其次是草地、未利用土地和耕地。3.研究区土地利用程度和开发强度处于中等偏上水平,2000—2005年土地利用处于发展期,2005—2010年土地利用处于调整期;土地利用类型的转入和转出主要发生在耕地、林地和草地之间。4.水土保持生态修复和退耕还林等生态建设项目的实施,可以较大程度地改变微地貌、减少地表坡度、提高植被盖度,在短时间使土地利用的空间分布发生较大变化,是其土地利用格局变化的主要驱动力因素。Land use/cover change in ecological restoration is one of the important aspects of regional environmental change research, which can provide scientific base for the regulation of ecological restoration measures and its benefit quantitative evaluation. Based on Landsat TM remote sensing image of 2000/2005/2010a, by Erdas Imagine remote sensing software and ArcGIS technology, the land use dynamic degree, land use degree composite index and transfer matrix were used to quantitatively analyze the dynamic changes of land use pattern in the study area, and discussing the driving force factors of the change. The results showed that ： （ 1 ） The farm land kept the largest area during the past 10 years, and followed by forest land and grass land; the farm land and uncultivated land account for the total area in the proportion were reduced by 28.43% and 44. 32% respectively, while forest land, grass land, town settlement land and water body land were increased by 83.68% , 10. 75% , 21.07% and 162, 74% respectively. （2） During 2000--2005, the extent of forest land use change was the largest, accounting for 12. 42%, and followed by uncultivated land and grass land; during 2005--2010, the extent of Water body land use change was the largest, accounting for 24.82%, and followed by grass land, uncultivated land and farm land. （ 3 ） The land use and development degree in the study area was above the average level, and it was in developing period during 2000--2005, and in degenerating period during 2005--2010, and the transformation of land use types were mainly occurred in farm land, forest land and grass land. （4） Implementation of eco-construction projects, such as ecological restoration could induce significant changes in the spatial distribution of land use in the short-run, were the main driving force factors of the land use pattern change of the ecological restoration area in Dahei Mountain.

关 键 词：土地利用 动态变化 驱动因素 生态修复区 大黑山 

分 类 号：F301.24[经济管理—产业经济] P901[天文地球—自然地理学]